Methods and apparatus for coordinating data transmission in a communications network

ABSTRACT

The presentation invention relates to methods and apparatus for coordinating the buffering and transmission of data between a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) and a wireless base station. An exemplary method in accordance with one embodiment includes the steps of: receiving a buffer management mode message at a CMTS from a wireless base station; switching, by the CMTS, from operating in a first mode of operation to operating in a second mode of operation with respect to buffering and communicating downlink data to the wireless base station; and while operating in the second mode of operation: (i) creating a plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers, each of the plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers corresponding to a different user equipment device to which the wireless base station is actively providing services; and (ii) storing a received downlink data packet in one of the plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/528,488 which was filed on Nov. 17, 2021 and which waspublished as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2023-0155963 A1on May 18, 2023 which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference inits entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for coordinatingand/or managing data transfer in communications networks. The presentinvention is also directed to implementing methods and apparatus incable systems, e.g., Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification(DOCSIS) networks. The present invention more particularly relates tomethods and apparatus for storing and/or buffering data in a cable modemtermination system and coordinating the transfer of the stored data to awireless base station coupled to the cable modem termination system viaa cable modem.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

With the introduction of new 5G networks and 5G wireless networks, e.g.,5G Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) networks, new wireless basestation network configurations and deployment models are beingimplemented.

Systems in which a wireless base station connects to a core network viaa Cable Modem Termination System can result in the loss of user data andthe degradation of service quality because while a CMTS has a buffer foreach cable modem to which it is providing services, it does not haveinformation about the wireless base station or the users that areconnected to the wireless base station.

Each wireless base station connected to a CMTS has different downlinkdata needs, and each user equipment device/mobile terminal connected tothe wireless base station may also have different downlink data needs.Wireless base stations typically maintain a different wireless basestation downlink data buffer for each user equipment device/mobileterminal the wireless base station supports. When a wireless basestation is unable to send downlink data received from a CMTS for a userdevice/mobile terminal in a timely manner, then the downlink buffer forthe user device/ireless terminal will overflow resulting in data for theuser device/mobile terminal being lost. Furthermore, if the CMTS keepssending downlink data to the wireless base station and the downlink dataincludes data for the user device/mobile terminal whose wireless basestation downlink data buffer is full, the wireless base station will notbe able to save this data to its user device data buffer. When the CMTSsends data to the wireless base station for a user device which has afull downlink data buffer, the data will be lost and the service qualitywill be degraded.

From the foregoing, it should be understood that there is a need for newand/or improved methods and apparatus for storing and/or buffering datain cable modem termination systems and wireless base stations in anefficient and effective manner so as to minimize, reduce and/oreliminate the loss of user downlink data. From the above it should alsobe understood that there is a need for new and/or improved methods andapparatus for efficiently and effectively communicating and managing thecommunication of data, e.g., data packets, between devices incommunications networks. Furthermore, there is a need for a technologysolution to how to communicate downlink data from CMTS devices towireless base stations without losing user data or degrading the qualityof service provided to users of wireless base stations coupled to CMTSdevices. There is a further need for new and/or improved methods andapparatus for coordinating the downlink data buffering and datatransmission from CMTS devices to wireless base station which take intoaccount expected downlink data traffic for different user devices basedon devices types. There is a further need for new and/or improvedmethods and apparatus for storing and/or buffering and transmitting datain cable modems, cable modem termination systems and wireless basestations in a manner allowing for efficient and fast communication ofpackets, e.g., TCP data packets, between a cable modem terminationsystem and a wireless base station via a cable modem. There is a furtherneed for new and/or improved methods and apparatus for storing and/orbuffering and transmitting data between cable modems, cable modemtermination systems and wireless base stations which allows for thedynamic management of the amount of downlink data to be sent for eachuser equipment device/mobile terminal being serviced by a wireless basestation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides new and/or improved methods and apparatusfor coordinating the buffering and transmission of downlink data betweena CMTS and wireless base station to which it is providing services. Thepresent invention is also directed to implementing new and/or improveddata buffering and transmission apparatus in cable systems, e.g., DataOver Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) networks which arecoupled to wireless base statin. Various features of the presentinvention relate to methods and apparatus for efficiently andeffectively managing and coordinating the buffering and/or transmissionof downlink data from a CMTS to a wireless base station. Variousembodiments of the present invention also provide new and/or improvedmethods and apparatus for storing and/or buffering and transmitting databetween cable modems, cable modem termination systems and wireless basestations which allows for the dynamic management of the amount ofdownlink data to be sent from a CMTS to a wireless base station for eachuser equipment device/mobile terminal being serviced by a wireless basestation. Various embodiments include new and/or improved methods andapparatus for communicating downlink data from CMTS devices to wirelessbase stations without losing user data or degrading the quality ofservice provided to users of wireless base stations coupled to CMTSdevices. Various embodiments of the present invention include new and/orimproved methods and apparatus for reducing, minimizing and/oreliminating the loss of user data due to wireless base station downlinkbuffer overflows. Various embodiments of the present invention solve oneor more of the problems discussed above.

In explaining the various features and/or embodiments of the invention,the features and/or embodiments will sometimes be discussed in thecontext of examples where the wireless base stations are CBSD devices ina CBRS network connected to a cable modem which is connected to CMTSwhich in turn is connected to a core network. However, such examples areto facilitate understanding of the invention and it should beappreciated that the methods and apparatus are not limited to CBRSembodiments or wireless base stations which are CBSDs.

An exemplary method in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention includes the steps of: receiving a buffer management mode ofoperation message at a cable modem termination system (CMTS) from afirst wireless base station via a cable modem located on acommunications path between the CMTS and the first wireless basestation; switching, by the CMTS, from operating in a first mode ofoperation to operating in a second mode of operation with respect tobuffering and communicating downlink data to the first wireless basestation in response to receiving said buffer management mode ofoperation message; and while operating in said second mode of operation:(i) creating by the CMTS at the CMTS a plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers, each of said plurality of CMTS downlink data bufferscorresponding to a different user equipment device to which the firstwireless base station is actively providing services, (ii) receiving atthe CMTS a first downlink data packet for one of the user equipmentdevices to which the first wireless base station is actively providingservices; and (iii) storing said received first downlink data packet inone of said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers.

In some embodiments, the communications method further includes thatprior to storing said received first downlink data packet in one of saidplurality of CMTS downlink data buffers performing the steps of: (i)determining from the first downlink data packet a user equipment deviceto which the first downlink data packet has been sent, said userequipment device being one of the user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services; (ii)determining which CMTS downlink data buffer of the plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers corresponds to the determined user equipmentdevice to which the first downlink data packet has been sent; andwherein the step of storing, said received first downlink data packet inone of said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers includes: storingsaid first downlink data packet in the determined CMTS downlink databuffer which corresponds to the determined user equipment device towhich the first downlink data packet has been sent.

In some embodiments, the one of said plurality of user equipment devicesto which the first wireless base station is actively providing servicesis a first user equipment device, said first user equipment devicehaving a first Internet Protocol address. In some embodiments, theplurality of CMTS downlink data buffers includes a first CMTS downlinkdata buffer corresponding to the first user equipment device. In someembodiments, the first downlink data packet includes a first IPdestination address, said first IP destination address being the firstIP address; and the step of storing said first downlink data packet inthe determined CMTS downlink data buffer which corresponds to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent includes: storing the first downlink data packet in thefirst CMTS downlink data buffer.

In at least some embodiments, the one of said plurality of userequipment devices to which the first wireless base station is activelyproviding services is a second user equipment device, said second userequipment device having a second Internet Protocol address. In some suchembodiments, the plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers includes asecond CMTS downlink data buffer corresponding to the second userequipment device.

In various embodiments, the communications method further includes thatwhile operating in said second mode of operation the following steps areperformed: (i) receiving a second downlink data packet at the CMTS, saidsecond downlink data packet including a second destination IP address,said second destination IP address being said second IP address; and(ii) storing by the CMTS the received second downlink data packet in thesecond CMTS downlink data buffer.

In at least some embodiments, the first wireless base station is aCitizens Broadband Radio Service Device operating as part of a CitizensBroadband Radio Service Network.

In some embodiments, the first mode of operation is a non-buffermanagement mode of operation and the second mode of operation is abuffer management mode of operation.

In some embodiments, while operating in said first mode of operationwith respect to the first wireless base station, the CMTS utilizes asingle CMTS downlink buffer for storing all downlink data received froma core network for the first wireless base station without regard touser equipment devices being serviced by the first wireless base stationto which the received downlink data is to be sent.

In some embodiments, the method further includes that while operating insaid first mode of operation, the CMTS performs the additional steps of:(i) receiving downlink data at the CMTS for two different user equipmentdevices being serviced by the first wireless base station; (ii) storingsaid received downlink data in the single downlink data buffer for thefirst wireless base station; and (iii) transmitting said stored downlinkdata to the first wireless base station without waiting to receive abuffer status message from the first wireless base station. In someembodiments the buffer management mode of operation message includesinformation notifying the CMTS that the CMTS is serving a wireless basestation.

In some embodiments the method further includes the steps of receivingat the CMTS from the first wireless base station first information, saidfirst information including an identifier for each user equipment deviceto which the first wireless base station is actively providing services,said first information including a first user equipment deviceidentifier for the first user equipment device to which the firstwireless base station is actively providing services. In someembodiments, the first information is included in the buffer managementmode of operation message. In some embodiments, the first information isincluded in one or more messages which are different than said buffermanagement mode of operation message. In various embodiments, the firstinformation includes one or more of the following: (i) a maximum numberof user equipment devices that the first wireless base station iscapable of supporting; (ii) number of active downlink data buffers atthe first wireless base station, (iii) number of user equipment devicesactively being serviced by the first wireless base station, (iv) size ofeach active downlink data buffer and the corresponding user equipmentdevice for which it is being used to store received downlink data, and(v) Internet Protocol (IP) address of each user equipment deviceactively being serviced by the first wireless base station.

In some embodiments, the user equipment device IP address is used as adownlink data buffer identifier by the first wireless base station; andthe size of each active downlink data buffers is specified in bytes. Invarious embodiments, the user equipment IP address is used as a downlinkdata buffer identifier by the CMTS. In at least some embodiments, thefirst information is included in the buffer management mode of operationmessage. In some other embodiments, the first information is included inone or more messages which are different than said buffer managementmode of operation message. In some embodiments, the first information isincluded in a plurality of messages which are different from the buffermanagement mode of operation message, each of said plurality of messagesincluding a portion of the first information corresponding to a singleuser equipment device.

In some embodiments, the identifier for each user equipment device is anInternet Protocol (IP) address being used by the user equipment device,each of said IP addresses being different. In some embodiments, thefirst user equipment device identifier is a first IP address being usedby the first user equipment device.

In various embodiments, the step of determining from the first downlinkdata packet to which user equipment device being serviced by the firstwireless base station the first downlink data packet has been sentincludes: identifying the user equipment device to which the firstdownlink data packet has been sent based on a destination IP addressincluded in the first downlink data packet and said first informationreceived from said first wireless base station.

In some embodiments, each user equipment device to which the wirelessbase station is actively providing services has a separate activewireless base station downlink data buffer located at the wireless basestation. In some embodiments, the first information further includes abuffer size of each of the active wireless base station downlink databuffers and an indication as to which wireless base station downlinkdata buffer each buffer size corresponds and an indication as to whichuser equipment device each active wireless base station downlink databuffer corresponds.

In various embodiments, the method further includes the step of:maintaining the first downlink data packet in buffer storage at the CMTSuntil the CMTS makes a determination that a first wireless base stationactive downlink data buffer corresponding to the determined userequipment device to which the first data packet has been sent hasavailable capacity to store the first downlink data packet.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of: receivinga buffer status report at the CMTS from the first wireless base station,said buffer status report including information from which the availablecapacity of the first wireless base station downlink data buffer, beingused to store downlink data for the user equipment device correspondingto the determined user equipment device to which the first data packethas been sent, can be determined; and the CMTS makes said determinationthat the first wireless base station active downlink data buffercorresponding to the determined user equipment device to which the firstdata packet has been sent has available capacity to store the first datapacket based on said received buffer status report.

In some embodiments, the buffer status report includes: (i) the userequipment device IP address of the user equipment device to which thebuffer status report corresponds and (ii) the amount of buffer capacitycorresponding to the user equipment device IP address currently beingused for data storage at the first wireless base station.

In some embodiments, the buffer status report includes: (i) the userequipment device IP address of the user equipment device to which thebuffer status report corresponds and (ii) the amount of availabledownlink buffer capacity corresponding to the user equipment devicehaving the IP address to which the buffer status report corresponds.

In some embodiments, the communications method further includes the stepof: determining by the CMTS the amount of available downlink data buffercapacity at the first wireless base station for downlink data for theuser equipment device having the IP address to which the buffer statusreport corresponds includes: subtracting the amount of buffer capacitycurrently in use by the first wireless base station for the userequipment device having the IP address to which the buffer status reportcorresponds from the maximum size of the first wireless base stationdownlink buffer corresponding to the user equipment device having the IPaddress to which the buffer status report corresponds (e.g., UE 1 has afirst IP address, first wireless base station creates a first downlinkdata buffer corresponds to first IP address to store data received forthe UE 1, the first downlink data buffer has a maximum size of 100bytes, the buffer status report indicates 20 bytes are in use, the CMTSdetermines that 80 bytes of data can be transmitted to the firstwireless base station for UE 1 from the CMTS downlink data buffer for UE1 corresponding to the first IP address).

In some embodiments, the communications method further includesperforming the following steps while the CMTS is operating in saidsecond mode of operation: (i) storing, by the CMTS, downlink datareceived for each user equipment device actively being serviced by thefirst wireless base station in a separate CMTS downlink data buffer,each of said separate CMTS downlink data buffers being one of theplurality of CMTS created downlink data buffers; (ii) receiving by theCMTS buffer status messages from the first wireless base station, eachof said buffer status messages including information indicating anamount of buffer storage capacity available for storing downlink datacorresponding to a specific user equipment device actively beingserviced by the first wireless base station; and (iii) scheduling thetransmission of stored downlink data to the first wireless base stationfor the user equipment devices being serviced by the first wireless basestation based on the available buffer capacity at the first wirelessbase station for storing downlink data corresponding to the particularuser equipment device.

In some embodiments, the step of scheduling the transmission of storeddownlink data to the first wireless base station for the user equipmentdevices being serviced by the first wireless base station based on theavailable buffer capacity at the first wireless base station for storingdownlink data corresponding to the particular user equipment deviceincludes only scheduling the transmission of downlink data to the firstwireless base station for a particular user equipment device in responseto receiving a buffer status message including information that thefirst wireless base station has an amount of buffer capacity availablefor storing downlink data for the particular user equipment device atthe first wireless base station and then only scheduling thetransmission of the amount of downlink data equal to or less than theamount of available buffer capacity indicated as being available.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the steps of:establishing a plurality of wireless connections between the firstwireless base station and the plurality of user equipment devices towhich the first wireless base station is providing wireless services;and creating by the first wireless base station a wireless base stationdownlink data buffer for each of the plurality of user equipmentdevices.

In some embodiments, prior to creating a wireless base station downlinkdata buffer for a user equipment device, the communications methodincludes the steps of: determining the size of the downlink data bufferto be created for the user equipment device based on one or more of thefollowing: information received from the user equipment device (e.g.,device type, hardware version, software version, model type, anticipatedtraffic type (e.g., downlink dominated traffic type or uplink dominatedtraffic type), latency requirements, amount of storage space availablefor buffering downlink data at the first wireless base station, numberof user equipment devices being serviced by the first wireless basestation, maximum number of user equipment devices which the firstwireless base station is capable of servicing, historical amount ofdownlink data traffic received for the user equipment device; andassociating with each created wireless base station downlink data buffera unique buffer identifier, said wireless base station downlink bufferidentifier identifying the user equipment device for which the wirelessbase station downlink data buffer is to be used.

In various embodiments, the unique wireless base station bufferidentifier is a user equipment device IP address. The user equipmentdevice IP address is the user equipment device IP address of the userequipment device for which wireless base station downlink data buffer isto be used to store data.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of: setting,by the wireless base station, a threshold capacity value, for eachcreated wireless base station downlink data buffer, said thresholdcapacity value being based on one or more of the following: (i) userequipment device type of the user equipment for which the wireless basestation downlink data buffer is to be used, (ii) traffic latencyrequirements of the user equipment device for which the wireless basestation downlink data buffer is to be used (e.g., low latencyrequirement or a maximum amount of transmission latency), (iii) datarate or speed with which an amount of data can be transmitted from theCMTS to the first wireless base station, (iv) channel state informationof the wireless downlink communications channel between the firstwireless base station and the user equipment device for which thewireless base station downlink buffer is to be used, (v) channelconditions between the first wireless base station and the userequipment device for which the wireless base station downlink buffer isto be used, (vi) modulation coding scheme used by the first wirelessbase station to transmit downlink data to the user equipment device forwhich the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to be used, and(vii) distance of the user equipment device, for which the wireless basestation downlink data buffer is to be used, from the first wireless basestation.

In some embodiments, when an amount of downlink data in a wireless basestation downlink data buffer falls below its threshold capacity value,the wireless base station generates a buffer status report for thewireless base station downlink data buffer; and transmits the generatedbuffer status report to the CMTS.

In some embodiments, the buffer status report includes: (i) anindication of the user equipment device for which downlink buffer datais to be sent, and (ii) a maximum amount of downlink data that is to besent in response to the buffer status report.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the wireless basestation dynamically adjusting the threshold capacity value for one ormore wireless base station downlink data buffers based on changes inchannel state information.

In some embodiments, the step of setting, by the wireless base station,a threshold capacity value, for each created wireless base stationdownlink data buffer includes determining an optimum threshold capacityfor each created wireless base station downlink data buffer based onlatency requirements for the data traffic being stored in the particularwireless base station downlink data buffer and which also preventsbuffer overflow for the created wireless base station downlink databuffer.

The present invention is also applicable to apparatus and systemembodiments wherein one or more devices implement the steps of themethod embodiments. In some apparatus embodiments each of the cablemodems, cable modem termination systems, wireless base stations, CBSDs,user equipment devices, mobile terminals, cable modem termination systempower management devices, resource allocation management devices, SASdevices, and each of the other apparatus/devices/nodes of the systeminclude one or more processors and/or hardware circuitry, input/outputinterfaces including receivers and transmitters, and a memory. Thememory including instructions when executed by one or more of theprocessors control the apparatus/device of the system to operate toperform the steps and/or functions of various method embodiments of theinvention.

The present invention is also applicable to and includes apparatus andsystems such as for example, apparatus and systems that implement thesteps and/or functions of the method embodiments. For example, acommunication system in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention includes a cable modem termination system including: a memory,and a processor that controls the cable modem termination system toperform the following operations: receive a buffer management mode ofoperation message from a first wireless base station via a cable modemlocated on a communications path between the CMTS and the first wirelessbase station; switch, by the CMTS, from operating in a first mode ofoperation to operating in a second mode of operation with respect tobuffering and communicating downlink data to the first wireless basestation in response to receiving said buffer management mode ofoperation message; and while operating in said second mode of operation:(i) create in the CMTS memory by the CMTS a plurality of CMTS downlinkdata buffers, each of said plurality of CMTS downlink data bufferscorresponding to a different user equipment device to which the firstwireless base station is actively providing services, (ii) receive atthe CMTS a first downlink data packet for one of the user equipmentdevices to which the first wireless base station is actively providingservices; and (iii) store said received first downlink data packet inone of said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers.

In various embodiments, the processor further controls the cable modemtermination system to perform the additional operations of: prior tostoring said received first downlink data packet in one of saidplurality of CMTS downlink data buffers performing the steps of: (i)determining from the first downlink data packet a user equipment deviceto which the first downlink data packet has been sent, said userequipment devices being one of the user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services; (ii)determining which CMTS downlink data buffer of the plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers corresponds to the determined user equipmentdevice to which the first downlink data packet has been sent; andwherein the step of storing, said received first downlink data packet inone of said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers includes: storingsaid first downlink data packet in the determined CMTS downlink databuffer which corresponds to the determined user equipment device towhich the first downlink data packet has been sent.

The present invention is also directed to non-transitory computerreadable medium embodiments. In an exemplary non-transitory computerreadable medium, the non-transitory computer readable medium includes afirst set of computer executable instructions which when executed by aprocessor of a cable modem termination system cause the cable modemtermination system to perform the steps of: receiving a buffermanagement mode of operation message at a cable modem termination system(CMTS) from a first wireless base station via a cable modem located on acommunications path between the CMTS and the first wireless basestation; switching, by the CMTS, from operating in a first mode ofoperation to operating in a second mode of operation with respect tobuffering and communicating downlink data to the first wireless basestation in response to receiving said buffer management mode ofoperation message; and while operating in said second mode of operation:(i) creating by the CMTS at the CMTS a plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers, each of said plurality of CMTS downlink data bufferscorresponding to a different user equipment device to which the firstwireless base station is actively providing services, (ii) receiving atthe CMTS a first downlink data packet for one of the user equipmentdevices to which the first wireless base station is actively providingservices; and (iii) storing said received first downlink data packet inone of said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers.

While various embodiments have been discussed in the summary above, itshould be appreciated that not necessarily all embodiments include thesame features and some of the features described above are not necessarybut can be desirable in some embodiments. Numerous additional features,embodiments and benefits of various embodiments are discussed in thedetailed description which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates details of an exemplary cable modem in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates the combination of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C.

FIG. 3A illustrates the steps of the first part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3B illustrates the steps of the second part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3C illustrates the steps of the third part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present

FIG. 4 illustrates details of an exemplary wireless base station (e.g.,Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD)) in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates details of an exemplary User Equipment (UE) device inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates details of an exemplary cable modem terminationsystem in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary assembly of components for a wirelessbase station (e.g., CBSD) in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary assembly of components for a userequipment device in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary assembly of components for a cable modemtermination system in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 10 illustrates the combination of FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E,10F, 10G, 10H, 10I, and 10J.

FIG. 10A illustrates the steps of the first part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10B illustrates the steps of the second part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10C illustrates the steps of the third part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present

FIG. 10D illustrates the steps of the fourth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10E illustrates the steps of the fifth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10F illustrates the steps of the sixth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10G illustrates the steps of the seventh part of an exemplarymethod in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10H illustrates the steps of the eighth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 101 illustrates the steps of the ninth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10J illustrates the steps of the tenth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates details of an exemplary assembly of components for acable modem in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The current invention is applicable to service providers which operateboth wireless and wired networks that use a strand based deploymentmodel for at least a portion of their wireless base stations. In thestrand based deployment model, the service provider places or connectsone or more of its wireless base stations, e.g., Citizen Broadband RadioService Devices (CBSDs) in a Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)network, to the service providers cable strand to provide services,e.g., 5G services, to its subscribers. Each of the wireless basestations, e.g., CBSDs, is connected to a separate cable modem (CM) andeach of the separate cable modems is in turn connected to a cable modemtermination system (CMTS). The cable modem termination system is aserver which typically resides in the service providers data center. Thecable modem termination system may be, and in some embodiments, islocated in the service provider's cable head end location. The cablemodem termination system is connected to the service provider's corenetwork, e.g., a 5G core network. In some embodiments, the serviceprovider's data center and the cable modem termination systems locatedin the data center are located in the service providers core network.

The cable modem termination system receives data from core networkelements and/or devices and will schedule and send this data to thewireless base stations, e.g., CBSDs, via the cable modems to which theCBSDs are connected.

The cable modem termination system typically receives power from a powerplant that is owned and/or operated by the service provider. The cablemodem termination system provides power to the cable modems to which itis connected. Each cable modem in turn typically provides power to thewireless base station. e.g., CBSD, which is connected to the cablemodem. A cable modem in most embodiments supports and/or is connected toa single wireless base station. Each cable modem termination system may,and typically, does support a plurality of cable modems, i.e., has aplurality of cable modems connected to it. In some embodiments, thecable modem termination system supports thousands or tens of thousandsof cable modems.

As discussed above, the present invention provides new and/or improvedmethods and apparatus for managing the buffering and transfer ofdownlink data from the CMTS device to a wireless base station. Variousembodiments of the present invention provide new and/or improved methodand apparatus for storing and/or buffering data in cable modems, cablemodem termination systems and wireless base stations which allow for thecoordination of data transfer from the CMTS to the wireless base stationon a per user equipment device basis reducing, minimizing and/oreliminating the loss of user data and/or the degradation of the qualityof service provided to users which are provided services via thewireless base station.

In at least some embodiments of the present invention, the cable modemtermination system operates in a first and second mode of operation withrespect to devices being served by the CMTS. The first mode of operationis a non-buffer management mode of operation. The second mode ofoperation is a buffer management mode of operation.

When the cable modem termination system is operating in a non-buffermanagement mode of operation with respect to a cable modem and thedevice(s) the cable modem is serving, the cable modem termination systemincludes a single uplink data buffer and single downlink data buffer forthe cable modem. While operating in the non-buffer management mode ofoperation, the cable modem termination system typically does not haveany information about the wireless base stations. e.g., CBSDs. or otherusers that are connected to the wireless base stations, e.g., CBSDs.

When the cable modem termination system is operating in a buffermanagement mode of operation with respect to a wireless base stationconnected to the CMTS via a cable modem, the CMTS creates and uses onedownlink data buffer for each user equipment device being activelyserviced by the wireless base station or for each wireless downlink databuffer identified to the CMTS by the wireless base station. The cablemodem termination system includes at least one uplink data buffer fordata received from the wireless base station when operating in thebuffer management mode of operation. In some embodiments when the CMTSis operating in the buffer management mode of operation, the CMTScreates and uses one uplink data buffer for each user equipment devicebeing serviced by the wireless base station.

In various embodiments of the present invention, the wireless basestation sends a buffer status report to the CMTS indicating that thewireless base station has available buffer space for receiving downlinkdata from the CMTS for a particular user equipment device being servicedby the wireless base station. In the buffer status report the wirelessbase station identifies the user device, e.g., by the user device's IPaddress, and an indication of the amount or quantity of downlink data tobe sent, e.g., the number of bytes of buffer space available in thewireless base station downlink data buffer being used at the wirelessbase station to store downlink data for the user equipment deviceidentified in the buffer status report.

For explanatory purposes various features of the current invention willbe explained using CBRS wireless network. However, as also explainedabove a CBRS wireless network is merely an exemplary wireless network inwhich the invention may be implemented.

Citizens Broadband Radio Service networks are networks that include userequipment devices, e.g., mobile or wireless devices such as for examplecell phones, smart phones, laptops, tablets, Citizens Broadband RadioService Devices (CBSDs) which serve as access points/base stations, andSpectrum Access Systems which are resource allocation management devicesthat provide spectrum assignments and manage frequency interferencethrough power management of the wireless base stations (CBSDs)transmission power. The Citizens Broadband Radio Service networkutilizes 150 megahetz in the 3550-3700 MHz band referred to as the 3.5GHz Band. One important aspect of the CBRS network is the limitation ofinterference, e.g., radio transmission, from multiple transmissionsources, e.g., multiple CBSD devices located near each other or in closeproximity to one another. The CBRS network includes resource allocationmanagement devices referred to as Spectrum Access Systems that obtaininformation about registered or licensed commercial users in the 3.5 GHzband from FCC databases and information about federal incumbent users ofthe band from ESC (Environmental Sensing Capability) system and interactdirectly or indirectly with CBSDs operating in the band to ensure thatCitizens Broadband Radio Service users operate in a manner consistentwith their authorizations and promote efficient use of the spectrumresource. Among the Spectrum Access System functions as defined in theAmendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operationsin the 3550-3650 MHz Band released Apr. 21, 2015 are that: it determinesthe available frequencies at a given geographic location and assign themto CBSDs; it determines the maximum permissible transmission power levelfor CBSDs at a given location and communicates that information to theCBSDs; it registers and authenticates the identification information andlocation of CBSDs; it enforces exclusion and protection zones, includingany future changes to such Zones, to ensure compatibility betweenCitizens Broadband Radio Service users and incumbent federal operations;it protects Priority Access Licensees (PAL) from impermissibleinterference from other Citizens Broadband Radio Service users such asthe General Authorized Access users; ensures secure and reliabletransmission of information between the SAS, ESC, and CBSDs; and itfacilitates coordination and information exchange between SASs. Throughthe management of the CBSDs power transmission levels in a geographicalarea the SAS manages the radio interference in the geographical area.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary communications system 100 having anarchitecture implemented in accordance with the present invention. Thisexemplary communications system includes a 5G Citizens Broadband RadioService wireless network, a core network and a cable network whichcouples at least some of the wireless base stations of the CBRS networkto the core network. In the exemplary embodiment, a first serviceprovider or operator operates and/or owns the cable network, the CBRSwireless network and the core network. The communications system 100includes a plurality of wireless base stations (WBS 1 (e.g., CitizensBroadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) 1 102, . . . , WBS Y (e.g., CBSDY) 112, a resource allocation management device (RAMD 1)(e.g., SpectrumAccess System device 1 (SAS 1)) 126, a RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128,databases of commercial users/licenses (e.g., an FCC Database) 103, anEnvironmental Sensing Capability (e.g., Federal Incumbent Use) (ESC))system 105, a plurality of user equipment (UE) devices UE 1A 106, UE 1B108, . . . , UE IN 110, UE YA 116, UE YB 118, . . . , UE YN 120, CableModem (CM) 1 104, . . . , Cable Modem Y 114, Cable Modem TerminationSystem (CMTS) 1 122, Cable Modem Termination System 124, Cable ModemTermination System Power Management Device 152, Policy Control FunctionDevice 154, communications links 148, 149, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, . .. , 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, . . . , 176, 178, 181, 182, 184, 190, 192,a first cell 111 illustrating the first base station 102's coveragearea, a second cell 121 illustrating the second base station 112'scoverage area.

The first cell 111 of the network is serviced by the WBS 1 (e.g., CBSD1) 102. The first cell 111 illustrates the wireless coverage range ofWBS 1 (e.g., CBSD 1) 102 at a first time T1. The user equipment devicesalso sometimes referred to as user terminal devices UE 1A 106, UE 1B108, . . . , UE IN 110 are located in the first cell 111 and are inactive wireless communications with WBS 1 (e.g., CBSD 1) 102.Communications links 162, 164, and 166 illustrate wirelesscommunications channels, e.g., radio channels, over which WBS 1 (e.g.,CBSD 1) 102 and UE 1A 106, UE 1B 108, . . . , UE IN 110 communicaterespectively.

The second cell 121 of the wireless network is serviced by WBS 2 (e.g.,CBSD 2) 112. The second cell 121 illustrates the wireless coverage rangeof WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112 at the first time T1. The user equipmentdevices UE YA 116, UE YB 118, . . . , UE YN 120, (Y being an integergreater than 1) are located in the second cell 121 and are incommunication with WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112. Communications links 172,174, . . . , 176 illustrate wireless communications channels, e.g.,radio channels, over which WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112 and UE YA 116, UE YB116, . . . , UE YN 1260 communicate respectively.

Resource Allocation Management Device (RAMD) 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 iscoupled to Resource Allocation Management Device (RAMD) 2 (e.g., SAS 2)128 via communications link 178. RAMD 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 is coupled todatabases 103 via communications link 180. RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128 iscoupled to databases 103 via communications link 181. ESC system 105 iscoupled to RAMD 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 and RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128 viacommunications links 182 and 184. The ESC system is used to detect,sense Navy radar operations in the wireless bands utilized forcommunications in the wireless network, e.g., in CBRS networks the ESCdetects or senses Navy radar operation within 3550-3650 MHz near thecoasts, and provide notifications over the communications links to RAMD1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 and RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128. RAMD 1 (e.g., SAS 1)126 manages the WBS 1 (e.g., CBSD 1) 102 and WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112spectrum allocation and transmission power to limit interference in thewireless network (e.g., CBRS wireless network). RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128manages other wireless base stations (e.g., CBSDs) in the wirelessnetwork which are not shown in FIG. 1 . Resource Allocation ManagementDevice 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 and Resource Allocation Management Device 2(e.g., SAS 2) 128 communicate and share information regarding thewireless network coverage of the wireless base stations (e.g., CBSDs)each respectively manage and coordinate management of the allocation ofspectrum and power transmission levels of wireless base stations (e.g.,CBSDs) throughout the wireless network. While only two ResourceAllocation Management Devices (e.g., SAS devices) are shown in FIG. 1 itshould be understood that additional Resource Allocation ManagementDevices (e.g., SAS devices) are typically used in the wireless network(e.g., CBRS network). The WBS 1 102, and WBS Y 112 coupled and/orconnected to the RAMD 1 126 via the 1st service provider core network150. The RAMD 1 126 is coupled to the first service provider's corenetwork 150 via communications link 149. The WBS 1 102 is coupled and/orconnected to the RAMD 1 126 via communications link 190. WBSD 2 112 iscoupled and/or connected to RAMS 1 128 via communications link 192.

WBS 1 102 is coupled and/or connected to cable modem 104 viacommunications link 160. The cable modem 1 104 is coupled and/orconnected to the cable modem termination system 1 122 via communicationslink 168. The cable modem termination system 1 122 is coupled and/orconnected to the first service provider core network 150 viacommunications link 156. The WBS 1 102 communicates with the devices inthe first service provider core network 150 via cable modem 104 and CMTS1 122.

WBS Y 112 is coupled and/or connected to cable modem CM Y 114 viacommunications link 170. Cable Modem Y 114 is coupled and/or connectedto the cable modem termination system 1 122 via communications link 148.The cable modem termination system 1 122 is coupled and/or connected tothe first service provider core network 150 via communications link 156.The WBS Y 112 communicates with the devices in the first serviceprovider core network 150 via the cable modem Y 114 and CMTS 1 122.

WBS 1 102, WBS Y 112, CM 1 104, CM Y 114, CMTS 1 122 and CMTS 2 124 areowned and/or operated by the first service provider.

The nodes, devices and elements of the first service providers corenetwork 150 are interconnected via a communications network includingcommunications links which allow the various nodes, devices and elementsof the first service providers core network 150 to communicate andexchange information and data.

The first service provider's core network 150 in this exemplaryembodiment is a 5G network including a cable modem termination systempower management device 152 and a policy control function device 154.The 5G network core typically also includes a session managementfunction device or node, security gateway function device or node, anaccess and mobility management function (AMF) device and a user planefunction (UPF) device. The cable modem termination system powermanagement device 152 is connected and/or coupled to a power plantsystem 155 via communications link 159. The cable modem terminationsystem power management device 152 controls the management, supplyand/or distribution of power for the cable modem system. The cable modemtermination system power management device 152 instructs the CMTSdevices in specific regions on whether it needs to reduce power and/orhave the cable modems connected to the CMTS devices enter a powersavings mode of operation as will be explained herein. In someembodiments, the CMTS power management device 152 is not located in thecore network of the first service provider but is instead coupled and/orconnected to the core network of the first service provider. In someembodiments, the CMTS power management device 152 is located at theservice provider's power plant 155. The service provider's power plant155 supplies power to the cable modem termination system devices in thecable modem system. In this example, the service provider's power plant155 supplies power to the cable modem termination system 1 122 and cablemodem termination system 2 124 via power cables 151 and 153 respectivelyas in this example CMTS 1 122 and CMTS 2 124 are located at differentlocations. In some embodiments the power plant also supplies power tothe service providers data center and/or location at which the corenetwork devices are located so that the power plant can provide power toone, some or all of the service providers equipment located in the datacenter, e.g., CMTS devices, and/or core network, e.g., CMTS powermanagement device, etc.

CMTS 2 124 is coupled to the core network via communications link 158.CMTS 1 and CMTS 2 may be, and in some embodiments are, included in acable head end system of first service provider.

The cable modems 1 104 and cable modem Y 114 may be, and in someembodiments are DOCSIS compliant cable modems, e.g., DOCSIS compliant3.0, 3.1, 4.0 cable modems. The particular release/version of DOCSIS isnot important to the invention as the messages exchanged between thecable modem and the CMTS devices may be, and in some embodiments are,text messages which can be sent between any CMTS and cable modem.

The communications links 148, 149, 156, 158, 159, 160, 168, 170, 178,180, 181, 182, 183, 190, and 192 as well as the communications linkscoupling together the elements of the core network 150 are typicallywired communications links or fiber optic cables. The communicationslinks 162, 164, . . . , 166, 172, 174, . . . , 176 are wireless or overthe air communications links. It is to be understood that thecommunication links shown in system 100 are only exemplary and othernetwork configurations and communications links may be employed thatcouple together the devices, servers, nodes, entities, databases andcontrollers of the system. Elements or steps with the same referencenumbers used in different figures are the same or similar and thoseelements or steps will not be described in detail again.

While for the sake of simplicity in explaining the invention system 100only illustrates two active wireless base stations (e.g., CBSD devices),two cable modems, two CMTS devices, two Resource Allocation ManagementDevices (e.g., SAS devices) and a few UE devices, it will be appreciatedthat system 100 typically includes a large plurality of active wirelessbase stations (e.g., CBSDs) in the wireless network supporting a largeplurality of UE devices with a large number of the plurality of activewireless base stations being coupled to the core network via a cablemodem and CMTS. The cable system includes a large plurality of cablemodem termination systems each coupled to a large plurality of cablemodems which may be either connected to a single wireless base station,e.g., CBSD, or another device or devices. As previously discussed, theCMTS devices are typically located in the service provider's data centeror cable head end and provide high speed data service connections.

The Cable Modem Termination System powers up the cable modems connectedto it through the communications link which connects the cable modemtermination system to the cable modem. The communications link forexample may be, and in some embodiments is, an Ethernet cable. The CableModem Termination System also powers the wireless base station, e.g.,CBSD, which is connected to the cable modem termination system via thecable modem. That is the Cable Modem Termination System first powers upthe cable modem which in turn provides and/or supplies power to thewireless base station, e.g., CBSD. The power passing through the cablemodem and communications link connecting the wireless base station andthe cable modem. In some embodiments, the communications link couplingthe cable modem to the wireless base station is an Ethernet cable.

The cable modems are located on the cable strands to provide theconnection to the wireless base stations, e.g., a DOCSIS connection toCBSDs in a CBRS system.

The first service provider will also operate one or more power plants,e.g., power plant 155 in system 100. Each power plant is the power housewhich provides power for all Cable Modem Termination Systems in thenetwork. Power plants are local power resources that are responsible forthe provisioning and distribution of power for all Cable ModemTermination Systems and Cable Modems (through the CMTSs) running in thelocal region for which the power plant is supplying power. Cablesthrough which power is supplied run from the power plant to Cable ModemTermination Systems.

FIG. 2 is a drawing of an exemplary cable modem such as a cable modem 1104 of system 100. The cable modem 200 includes a plurality of networkinterfaces 1 205, . . . , network interface N 290, e.g., each being awired or optical interface, a processor(s) 206 (e.g., one or moreprocessors), e.g., a CPU, an assembly of hardware components 208, e.g.,an assembly of circuits, and I/O interface 210 and memory 212 coupledtogether via a bus 209 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information. The cable modem 200 further includes a speaker252, a display 254, switches 256, keypad 258 and mouse 259 coupled toI/O interface 210, via which the various I/O devices (252, 254, 256,258, 259) may communicate with other elements (206, 208, 212) of thecable modem 200. Network interface 205 includes a receiver 278 and atransmitter 280. Network interface 290 includes receiver 299 andtransmitter 296. In some embodiments, network interfaces 205 and/or 290includes multiple receivers and transmitters. The network interfaces 205and 290 are used to communicate with other devices, e.g., wireless basestation and/or cable modem termination system. In some embodiments,receiver 278 and transmitter 280 are part of a transceiver 284. In someembodiments, receiver 294 and transmitter 296 are part of a transceiver292. Memory 212 includes an assembly of component 214, e.g., an assemblyof software components, and data/information 216. Data/information 216typically includes, among other things, cable modem uplink buffer 230,cable modem downlink buffer 232, cable modem termination system bufferinformation 234, and wireless base station buffer information 236. Insome embodiments, the cable modems disclosed in the figures and/ordiscussed in connection with the various embodiments of the inventionare implemented in accordance with cable modem 200. The cable modem hasfaster processing time than either the CMTS or the wireless basestation. The cable modem acts as a pass through device receivingdownlink data from the CMTS and communicating or transmitting it to thewireless base station. The cable modem in at least some embodiments usesa single downlink buffer to hold all downlink data and a single uplinkbuffer to hold all uplink data. In various embodiments, the cable modemtransmits downlink data to the wireless base station as it receives andprocesses it therein avoiding the introduction of additional delay inthe transmission of the downlink data from the CMTS to the wireless basestation. For example, cable modem 1 (e.g., CM 1 104), . . . , cablemodem Y (CM Y 114) of FIG. 1 are implemented in accordance with cablemodem 200.

FIG. 3 , which comprises the combination of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3Cillustrates an exemplary method 3000. FIG. 3A illustrates the steps ofthe first part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3B illustrates the steps ofthe second part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3C illustrates the steps ofthe third part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

For explanatory purposes the exemplary method 3000 will be explained inconnection with the exemplary system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 whereinthe wireless network is a CBRS network, wireless base stations are CBSDdevices, the resource allocation management devices are SAS devices, thecore network is a 5G network, the cable network is a DOCSIS cablenetwork. However, it should be understood that the method may beimplemented using other system configurations then those illustrated inFIG. 1 . While it will be readily understood that additional steps andsignaling are performed in connection with communicating information,messages, and packets between devices, the method 3000 focuses on anddiscusses the steps and signaling for understanding the invention.

The method 3000 starts in start step 3002 shown on FIG. 3A. Operationproceeds from start step 3002 and proceeds to step 3004.

In step 3004, A wireless base station (e.g., CBSD 1 102 of system 100)turns on and connects with a cable modem (e.g., CM 1 104 of system 100).Operation proceeds from step 3004 to step 3006.

In step 3006, the cable modem is connected to and powered by a cablemodem termination system (e.g., CMTS 1 122 of system 100). The cablemodem is positioned or situated between the wireless base station andthe cable modem termination system. The wireless base station connectsto its service providers core network via the cable modem and cablemodem termination system. The cable modem termination system beingconnected to the core network. Operation proceeds from step 3006 to step3008.

In step 3008, the wireless base station connects with a Spectrum AccessSystem (e.g., SAS 1 126 of system 100). The Spectrum Access Systemgrants spectrum to the CBSD for use in communicating with and providingservices to user equipment devices (e.g., UE 1A 106, UE 1B 108, . . . ,UE IN 110 of system 100). Operation proceeds from step 3008 to step3010.

In step 3010, the user equipment devices connect to the wireless basestation and begin requesting downlink data and also start sending uplinkdata. Operation proceeds from step 3010 to step 3012.

In step 3012, the cable modem creates a downlink data buffer for thetraffic that will be sent to the wireless base station and an uplinkdata buffer for the traffic that will be sent to the CMTS. Operationproceeds from step 3012 to step 3014.

In step 3014, the wireless base station creates in its memory adifferent downlink data buffer for each user equipment device which hasconnected to it and to which it is actively/currently providingservices. In some embodiments, step 3014 includes one or more sub-steps3016 and 3018.

In sub-step 3016, the wireless base station during the creation of itsdownlink data buffers assigns a buffer ID to each downlink data bufferit creates. In some embodiments, the buffer ID is the user ID or user IPaddress corresponding to the user equipment device for which thedownlink data buffer will be used to store data.

In sub-step 3018, the downlink data buffer ID is associated with a userID, e.g., user equipment device IP address, corresponding to the userequipment device for which downlink data will be stored in the bufferwith the associated buffer ID. For example, wireless base stationdownlink buffer ID=1, is associated with user equipment device IPaddress 1. The wireless base station stores downlink data for the userequipment device having IP address 1 in its downlink data buffer havingdownlink data ID=1. Operation proceeds from step 3014 to step 3020.

In some embodiments, the CMTS receives data from the core network towhich it is connected, e.g., a 5G core network, and will begin sendingor transmitting the data to the wireless base station through the cablemodem which connects the wireless base station to the CMTS upon thewireless base station powering up. At this time the CMTS only has asingle downlink buffer for storing data destined for the wireless basestation.

In step 3020, the wireless base station generates a buffer managementmode message. Operation proceeds from step 3020 to step 3024 shown onFIG. 3B via connection node B 3022.

In step 3024, the wireless base station transmits the buffer managementmode message to the CMTS to notify the CMTS that the CMTS is serving awireless base station and is to operate in a buffer management mode ofoperation with respect to the wireless base station. Operation proceedsfrom step 3024 to step 3026. Operation proceeds from step 3024 to step3026.

In step 3026, the wireless base station communicates (e.g., sends ortransmits) information to the CMTS about its capabilities and/or currentresource utilization (e.g., downlink buffer creation and usage). In someembodiments, step 3026 includes sub-step 3028. In sub-step 3028, thewireless base station communicates one or more of the following piecesof information: number of user equipment devices that the wireless basestation can support, the number of active user equipment devices, thenumber of active downlink data buffer, the size of each active downlinkdata buffer and an IP address of each user equipment device associatedwith each active downlink data buffer. In some embodiments, the wirelessbase station includes this information in the Buffer Management Modemessage instead of communicating the information separately from theBuffer Management Mode message. In some embodiments, the wireless basestation sends this information about capabilities and/or currentutilization in one or more separate messages sent to the CMTS forexample one message sent for each wireless base station downlink bufferit creates and an additional message about the wireless base stationsoverall capabilities, e.g., maximum user equipment devices it cansupport. Operation proceeds from step 3026 to step 3030.

In step 3030, the CMTS receives the buffer management mode message fromthe wireless base station and the communicates information about thewireless base station capabilities and/or current resource utilization,e.g., downlink buffer creation and resource usage. Operation proceedsfrom step 3030 to step 3032.

In step 3032, in response to receiving the Buffer Management Modemessage, at the CMTS, from the wireless base station, the CMTS switchesfrom operating in a non-buffer management mode of operation with respectto buffering and sending downlink data to the wireless base station tooperating in a buffer management mode of operation with respect tobuffering and sending downlink data to the wireless base station.Operation proceeds from step 3032 to step 3034.

In step 3034, upon switching to the buffer management mode of operationwith respect to the wireless base station, the CMTS creates differentdownlink data buffers for each user equipment device identified as beingactive and/or for each active wireless base station downlink data bufferidentified by the wireless base station to the CMTS in the informationprovided or communicated to the CMTS. In some embodiments, step 3034includes sub-step 3036. In sub-step 3036, the CMTS creates acorresponding CMTS downlink data buffer for each wireless base stationdownlink data buffer. The created CMTS downlink data buffer having asize or maximum capacity which is greater than its correspondingwireless base station downlink data buffer. In this way, the CMTS andwireless base station will each have a downlink data buffer for eachuser equipment device being actively/currently serviced by the wirelessbase station. The CMTS downlink data buffer having a greater capacitythe corresponding wireless base station downlink data buffer. Operationproceeds from step 3034 via connection node B 3038 to step 3040 shown onFIG. 3C.

In step 3040, the wireless base stations monitors the utilization ofeach of its downlink data buffers. Operation proceeds from step 3040 tostep 3042.

In step 3042, the wireless base station generates a buffer status reportfor each of its downlink data buffers. Each buffer status reportincludes buffer status information, a buffer ID or the user equipment IDassociated with the buffer to which the buffer status informationcorresponds (e.g., user equipment IP address). The buffer statusinformation for each downlink buffer is based on information obtained bythe wireless base station from its monitoring of its downlink databuffers. In some embodiments, the buffers status information indicatesthe amount of buffer capacity available for storage in the correspondingwireless base station downlink data buffer (e.g., the currentutilization of the downlink data buffer or the amount of the buffer notcurrently utilized (e.g., number of bytes available to store downlinkdata). transmits buffer status reports about each its downlink databuffers. Operation proceeds from step 3042 to step 3044.

In step 3044, the wireless base station transmits the generated bufferstatus reports to the CMTS via the cable modem. Operation proceeds fromstep 3044 to step 3046.

In step 3046, the CMTS receives the buffer status reports from thewireless base station. It should be noted that while buffer statusreports for each buffer can be sent at one time, they are typically sentas separate buffer status reports at different time. For example, thetime when a buffer status report may be sent may be, and in someembodiments is, based on the available storage capacity in theindividual wireless base station downlink data buffer as will bediscussed in further detail below. Operation proceeds from step 3046 tostep 3048.

In step 3048, the CMTS upon receiving or in response to receiving abuffer status report performs the following operations: (i) if thebuffer status information indicates a downlink data buffer is full atthe wireless base station for a particular user equipment device IPaddress, then the CMTS will continue to buffer downlink data receivedfor the user equipment device having the identified IP addressassociated with or corresponding to the full wireless base stationdownlink data buffer (the downlink data, e.g., coming from the 5G corenetwork for the user equipment device with the identified IP address,being buffered at the CMTS in the CMTS downlink data buffer created forthe identified IP address associated with the full CBSD downlink databuffer), and (ii) if the buffer size is N-X, where N is the maximumbuffer size, and X is the buffer capacity currently being used, then theCMTS determines that it will send a data amount of N-X data units (e.g.,bytes) for the user equipment device with the identified IP address. Invarious embodiments, N and X are positive integers and expressed interms of bytes. The CMTS only sends data to the wireless base stationfor a user equipment device in response to receiving a buffer statusreport from the wireless base station indicating that the wireless basestation downlink data buffer for the user equipment device has availablestorage capacity. Operation proceeds from step 3048 to step 3050.

In step 3050, the CMTS continues to buffer at the CMTS downlink data itreceives for the user equipment device having he identified userequipment device IP address associated with or corresponding to thebuffer status when the buffer status report indicates that the wirelessbase station downlink buffer for the user equipment device is full.

In step 3052, the CMTS transmits data, e.g., N-X data units (e.g.,bytes) to the wireless base station for the user equipment deviceidentified in the buffer status message when the buffer status messageindicates that the identified buffer has available storage capacity.Operation proceeds from step 3052 to step 3054.

In step 3054, the process of coordinating the buffering and transfer ofdata between the CMTS and the wireless base station continues for theexisting user equipment devices as well as for new user equipmentdevices which connect to the wireless base station. In response to theconnection of new user equipment, the wireless base station will createa wireless base station downlink buffer and assign it a buffer ID andthen communicate information about the newly connected and active userequipment device and the created buffer to the CMTS as previouslydescribed. The coordination of the buffering and transmission ofdownlink data between the CMTS and the wireless base station will beachieved through buffer status messages as previously described.

In some embodiments, the wireless base station only sends buffer statusreports when a threshold amount of buffer capacity is available in adownlink data buffer. For example, the wireless base station may, and insome embodiments does, set a first threshold value for a first wirelessbase station downlink data buffer for a first user equipment devicehaving a first user equipment IP address. The wireless base station setsa second threshold value for a second wireless base station downlinkdata buffer for a second user equipment device having a second user IPaddress. The first and second threshold values being different forexample, the first threshold value being 80% and the second thresholdvalue being 70%. In such situation the wireless base station monitorsits first and second downlink data buffers. When the wireless basestation detects through its monitoring that its first downlink databuffer has 20% or less of its buffer capacity being used for datastorage and 80% or more of its capacity is available to store data, thewireless base station generates a first buffer status report andtransmits it to the CMTS indicating that first buffer corresponding orassociated with the first equipment device IP address has availablebuffer capacity and indicates the amount of buffer storage spaceavailable. The CMTS in response to receiving the first buffer statusmessage determines the amount of data to send to the wireless basestation for the first user equipment IP address based on the receivedbuffer status information. The amount determined being less than anamount which would overflow the wireless base station's first downlinkdata buffer (e.g., if N=1000 bytes for the first wireless base stationdownlink buffer and X=200 bytes, the amount determined would be 800bytes or less. In various embodiments, it is N−X=1000 bytes−200bytes=800 bytes). Similarly, when the wireless base station detectsthrough its monitoring that its second downlink data buffer has 30% orless of its buffer capacity being used for data storage and 70% or moreof its capacity is available to store data, the wireless base stationgenerates a second buffer status report and transmits it to the CMTSindicating that second buffer corresponding to or associated with thesecond equipment device IP address has available buffer capacity andindicates the amount of buffer storage space available. The CMTS inresponse to receiving the second buffer status message determines theamount of data to send to the wireless base station for the second userequipment IP address based on the received buffer status information.The amount determined being less than an amount which would overflow thewireless base station's second downlink data buffer (e.g., if N=1000bytes for the second wireless base station downlink buffer and X=300bytes, the amount determined would be 700 or less. In variousembodiments, it is N-X=1000 bytes−300 bytes=700 bytes). This process iscontinuously repeated to coordinate the buffer and transfer of downlinkdata from the CMTS to the wireless base station for each of the userequipment devices being actively serviced by the wireless base station.This coordination of the buffering and transfer of data between the CMTSand the wireless base station minimizing, reducing, and/or eliminatingthe loss of downlink data for user equipment devices being serviced bythe wireless base station.

The wireless base station in many embodiments determines the downlinkbuffer size for each user equipment devices based on one or more of thefollowing user equipment device type, estimated amount of downlinktraffic for the user equipment device, the channel conditions of theconnection between the CBSD and the user equipment device, the codingscheme used for transmitting data from the CBSD to the user equipmentdevice, the number of active user equipment devices being serviced bythe CBSD, and the distance from the CBSD to the user equipment.

The wireless base station in many embodiments determines the buffercapacity threshold values for each user equipment device downlink databuffer based on one or more of the following: user equipment devicetype, estimated amount of downlink traffic for the user equipmentdevice, the channel conditions of the connection between the CBSD andthe user equipment device, the coding scheme used for transmitting datafrom the CBSD to the user equipment device, the number of active userequipment devices being serviced by the CBSD, and the distance from theCBSD to the user equipment.

In various embodiments, when the CMTS operates in anon-buffer managementmode of operation with respect to the wireless base station, the CMTSbuffers all data that it receives, e.g., from the core network, for userequipment devices connected to the wireless base station in one CMTSdownlink data buffer for the wireless base station. In at least somesuch embodiments, when the CMTS operates in the non-buffer managementmode of operation, the CMTS transmits the downlink data to the wirelessbase station without regard to whether the wireless base stationdownlink buffers for individual user equipment devices are full or not.In some embodiments, when the CMTS is operating in the non-buffermanagement mode of operation buffers all downlink data it receives forthe wireless base station (e.g., all downlink data received for userequipment devices connected to the wireless base station) in a first infirst out (FIFO) buffer. The CMTS transmitting the received downlinkdata to the wireless base station in the order it was received at theCMTS.

While the method 3000 illustrated in FIG. 3 , has been explained withrespect to a single CMTS serving a single wireless base station, it isto be understood that each CMTS may, and in some embodiments do, serve aplurality of wireless base stations. Each of the wireless base stationsin such a system would send a buffer management mode message to the CMTSnotifying the CMTS that it is a wireless base station and/or requestingthat the CMTS switch to the buffer management mode operation withrespect to the wireless base station sending the buffer management modeof operation message. For example, with respect to system 100 one ormore of the WBS 1 102, . . . , WBS Y 112, and in many embodiments all,transmit a buffer management mode message to the CMTS 1 122 notifyingthe CMTS 1 122 that they are wireless base stations and/or requestingthat the CMTS 1 122 switch to a buffer management mode of operation withrespect to the wireless base stations which sent the buffer managementmode of operation messages.

Additionally, it is to be understood as shown in system 100 that eachnetwork may, and typically does, include multiple CMTS.

FIG. 4 is a drawing of an exemplary wireless base station (WBS) (e.g.,Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD), LTE base station, 4Gbase station, 5G base station) 400 in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The wireless base station device (e.g., CBSD device) 400. Insome embodiments, the wireless base station (e.g., CBSD device) 400 alsoincludes the capabilities of a CBSD as defined by the FederalCommunications Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operationsin the 3550-3650 MHz Band. Exemplary wireless base station (e.g., CBSDdevice) 400 includes a wireless interface 404, a network interface 405,e.g., a wired or optical interface, processor(s) 406 (one or moreprocessors), e.g., a CPU, an assembly of hardware components 408, e.g.,an assembly of circuits, and I/O interface 410 and memory 412 coupledtogether via a bus 409 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information. Wireless base station 400 further includes aspeaker 452, a display 454, switches 456, keypad 458 and mouse 459coupled to I/O interface 410, via which the various I/O devices (452,454, 456, 458, 459) may communicate with other elements (404, 405, 406,408, 412) of the wireless base station 400. Network interface 405includes a receiver 478 and a transmitter 480. In some embodiments,receiver 478 and transmitter 480 are part of a transceiver 484. Wirelessinterface 404 includes a wireless receiver 438 and a wirelesstransmitter 440. In some embodiments, receiver 438 and transmitter 440are part of a transceiver 442. In various embodiments, wirelessinterface 404 includes a plurality of wireless receivers and a pluralityof wireless transmitters. Wireless receiver 438 is coupled to aplurality of receive antennas (receive antenna 1 439, . . . , receiveantenna M 441), via which wireless base station 400 can receive wirelesssignals from other wireless communications devices including a secondwireless communications device, e.g., a UE device. Wireless transmitter440 is coupled to a plurality of wireless transmit antennas (transmitantenna 1 443, . . . , transmit antenna N 445) via which the wirelessbase station 400 can transmit signals to other wireless communicationsdevices including a second wireless communications device, e.g., a UEdevice. Memory 412 includes an assembly of component 414, e.g., anassembly of software components, and data/information 416.Data/information 416 includes wireless base station uplink buffer UE 1417, . . . , wireless base station uplink buffer UE N 418, wireless basestation downlink buffer UE 1 419, . . . , wireless base station UE N420. The wireless base station includes a separate uplink data bufferfor each user equipment device which is connected to the wireless basestation, e.g., to which it is actively providing services. The wirelessbase station also includes a separate downlink data buffer for each userequipment device which is connected to the wireless base station, e.g.,to which it is actively providing services. In some embodiments, thewireless base stations discussed in the Figures and/or in connectionwith the embodiments of the present invention described are implementedin accordance with wireless base station 400. For example, WBS 1 (e.g.,CBSD 1) 102 and/or WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112 of system 100, may be, andin some embodiments are, implemented in accordance with wireless basestation 400.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary user equipment (UE) device 500 inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment. UE device 500 is, e.g., amobile device such as a cell phone, a smart phone, wireless tablet orwireless notebook. UE device 500, in some embodiments, includes CBRS,5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), e.g., 4G LTE, mobile device capabilities.Exemplary UE device 500 includes a wireless interface 504, a networkinterface 505, a processor(s) 506, e.g., a CPU, an assembly of hardwarecomponents 508, e.g., an assembly of circuits, and I/O interface 510 andmemory 512 coupled together via a bus 509 over which the variouselements may interchange data and information. UE device 500 furtherincludes a microphone 550, camera 551, speaker 552, a display 554, e.g.,a touch screen display, switches 556, keypad 558 and mouse 559 coupledto I/O interface 510, via which the various I/O devices (550, 551, 552,554, 556, 558, 559) may communicate with other elements (504, 505, 506,508, 512) of the UE device. Network interface 505 includes a receiver578 and a transmitter 580. In some embodiments, receiver 578 andtransmitter 580 are part of a transceiver 584. Wireless interface 504includes a wireless receiver 538 and a wireless transmitter 540. In someembodiments, receiver 538 and transmitter 540 are part of a transceiver524. In various embodiments, wireless interface 504 includes a pluralityof wireless receivers and a plurality of wireless transmitters. Wirelessreceiver 538 is coupled to one or more receive antennas (receive antenna1 539, . . . , receive antenna M 541), via which UE device 500 canreceive wireless signals from other wireless communications devicesincluding, e.g., a wireless base station such as wireless base station400. Wireless transmitter 540 is coupled to one or more wirelesstransmit antennas (transmit antenna 1 543, . . . , transmit antenna N545) via which the UE device 500 can transmit signals to other wirelesscommunications device including a first wireless communications device,e.g., a wireless base station 400. Memory 512 includes an assembly ofcomponents 514, e.g., an assembly of software components, anddata/information 516. The user equipment devices illustrated in FIG. 1may be, and in some embodiments are, implemented in accordance with userequipment device 500.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of an exemplary cable modem termination system inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment. The cable modem terminationsystem in some embodiments is implemented in accordance with DOCSISstandards. The cable modem termination system 600 includes a pluralityof network interfaces 605, . . . , 690, e.g., a wired or opticalinterface, a processor(s) 606 (e.g., one or more processors), e.g., aCPU, an assembly of hardware components 608, e.g., an assembly ofcircuits, and I/O interface 610 and memory 612 coupled together via abus 609 over which the various elements may interchange data andinformation. The computing device 600 further includes a speaker 652, adisplay 654, switches 656, keypad 658 and mouse 659 coupled to I/Ointerface 610, via which the various I/O devices (652, 654, 656, 658,659) may communicate with other elements (605, . . . , 690, 606, 608,612) of the cable modem termination system 600. Network interface 605includes a receiver 678 and a transmitter 680. The network interface 605is typically used to communicate with other devices, e.g., cable modems,CMTS power management device, other devices in the network core. In someembodiments, receiver 678 and transmitter 680 are part of a transceiver684. Memory 612 includes an assembly of component 614, e.g., an assemblyof software components, and data/information 616. Data/information 616includes, among other things, uplink and downlink buffers for each cablemodem to which it is connected when it is operating in non-buffermanagement mode of operation with respect to the cable modem or devices,e.g., wireless base stations connected to the cable modem and uplink anddownlink buffers for each user equipment device and/or wireless basestation uplink and/or downlink buffer identified by a wireless basestation when operating in buffer management mode of operation withrespect to a wireless base station the CMTS is serving. In this example,it includes CM 1 uplink data buffer UE 1 632, . . . , CM 1 uplink databuffer UE 1632, and CM 1 downlink buffer UE 1634, . . . , CM 1 downlinkbuffer UE N 636 as the CMTS is operating in buffer management mode ofoperation with respect to the wireless base station 1 connected to cablemodem 1 and hence has separate downlink buffer for each user equipmentdevice actively/currently connected to the wireless base stationconnected to CM 1 which in this example is UE 1, . . . , UE N. The CMTSalso includes cable modem termination system cable modem Z uplink buffer638 and cable modem termination system CM Z downlink buffer 640 as theCMTS is operating in a non-buffer management mode of operation withrespect to the devices connected to a cable modem Z. In some embodimentswhen operating in the buffer management mode of operation with respectto a wireless base station which the CMTS is serving, the CMTS uses asingle uplink data buffer for all uplink data received from the wirelessbase station instead of having separate uplink data buffers for eachuser equipment device. In some embodiments, cable modem terminationsystems disclosed in the figures and/or discussed in connection with thevarious embodiments of the invention are implemented in accordance withcable modem termination system 600. For example, cable modem terminationsystem 1 122 and cable modem termination system 2 124 of system 100 ofFIG. 1 are implemented in accordance with cable modem termination system600.

FIG. 7 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 700 which maybe included in an exemplary wireless base station (e.g., exemplarywireless base station 400 of FIG. 4 ), in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The components in the assembly of components 700 can, and insome embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor,e.g., processor 406, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 700 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 408, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 406 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 408, external to andcoupled to the processor 406. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory412 of the wireless base station 400, with the components controllingoperation of wireless base station device 400 to implement the functionscorresponding to the components when the components are executed by aprocessor e.g., processor 406. In some such embodiments, the assembly ofcomponents 700 is included in the memory 412 as assembly of softwarecomponents 414. In still other embodiments, various components inassembly of components 700 are implemented as a combination of hardwareand software, e.g., with another circuit external to the processorproviding input to the processor which then under software controloperates to perform a portion of a component's function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor, e.g., processor 406, configure the processor toimplement the function corresponding to the component. In embodimentswhere the assembly of components 700 is stored in the memory 412, thememory 412 is a computer program product comprising a computer readablemedium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each component, forcausing at least one computer, e.g., processor 406, to implement thefunctions to which the components correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 7 control and/or configure the wireless base station400 or elements therein such as the processor 406, to perform thefunctions of corresponding steps illustrated and/or described in themethod of one or more of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/ordescribed with respect to any of the Figures. Thus the assembly ofcomponents 700 includes various components that perform functions ofcorresponding one or more described and/or illustrated steps of anexemplary method.

Assembly of components 700 includes a control routines component 702, acommunications component 704, a message generator component 706, amessage processing component 708, a buffer management component 710, adeterminator component 712, a storage component 714, an uplink buffercomponent 716, and a downlink buffer component 718.

The control routines component 702 is configured to control operation ofthe wireless base station (e.g., CBSD). The communication component 704is configured to handle communications, e.g., transmission and receptionof messages, and protocol signaling for the wireless base station (e.g.,CBSD). The message generator component 706 is configured to generatemessages for transmission to other devices. The message processingcomponent 708 is configured to process messages received from otherdevices, e.g., messages from user equipment devices, messages from acable modem, messages from an Spectrum Access System, and policy controlfunction devices.

The buffer management component 710 is configured to implement allaspects related to buffer management including creation and managementof uplink data buffer(s) for storing data from user equipment devices tobe transmitted to the CMTS via the cable modem, creation of downlinkbuffer(s) for storing data received from the CMTS via the cable modem,providing wireless base station buffer information to the CMTS includinguplink and downlink buffer size and fill rates, buffer ID, informationcorrelating wireless base station downlink buffers to user equipmentdevices for which the buffer is being used to store downlink data,buffer status reports, buffer management mode of operation messages,creation of buffer status reports, creation of buffer mode of operationmessages, notifications regarding buffer status, buffer capacitythreshold generation and management for different UEs, uplink anddownlink buffer sizes.

The determinator component 712 is configured to make determinations anddecisions for the wireless base station including for example: buffersize, buffer capacity thresholds, when a buffer capacity threshold hasbeen exceeded, when to send buffer status reports to the CMTS for awireless base station downlink data buffer, when to send a buffer modeof operation message to a CMTS.

The storage component 714 is configured to manage the storage, andretrieval of data and/or instructions to/and from memory, buffers inmemory, hardware buffers and/or storage device coupled and/or connectedto the wireless base station.

The uplink buffer component 716 is configured to handle uplink buffercreation and modification, e.g., increase and decrease in buffer size,management, storage and retrieval of data to the uplink buffer, flushingand/or transmittal of data from the uplink buffer to the cable modem,provide notifications when thresholds have been exceeded with respect tobuffer storage, provide notifications when the uplink buffer is full,determine the uplink buffer size, increase uplink buffer size, determineuplink buffer fill rate, determine amount of time it takes for theuplink buffer to become full, respond to queries and/or requests fromthe cable modem termination system to provide uplink buffer information.In some embodiments, uplink buffer component 716 is a sub-component ofbuffer management component 710 or storage component 714.

The downlink buffer component 718 is configured to handle downlinkbuffer creation and modification, e.g., increase and decrease in buffersize, management, storage and retrieval of data to the downlink buffer,increase downlink buffer size, flushing and/or transmittal of data fromthe downlink buffer to the user equipment devices, provide notificationswhen thresholds have been exceeded with respect to buffer storage,provide notifications when the downlink buffer is full, generate bufferstatus reports, send buffer status reports to the CMTS, determine thedownlink buffer size for each downlink buffer, respond to queries and/orrequests from the cable modem termination system to provide downlinkbuffer information. Determine buffer capacity threshold values fordownlink data buffers. Determine when downlink buffer capacity thresholdvalues have been exceeded. Determine when to send buffer status reportsto a CMTS. Determine when to send a buffer mode of operation message toa CMTS. In some embodiments, downlink buffer component 718 is asub-component of buffer management component 710 or storage component714.

FIG. 8 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 800 which maybe included in an exemplary user equipment (UE) device, e.g., UE device500 of FIG. 5 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Thecomponents in the assembly of components 800 can, and in someembodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor, e.g.,processor 506, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 800 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 508, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 506 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 508, external to andcoupled to the processor 506. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory512 of the UE device 500, with the components controlling operation ofUE device 500 to implement the functions corresponding to the componentswhen the components are executed by a processor e.g., processor 506. Insome such embodiments, the assembly of components 800 is included in thememory 512 as assembly of software components 514. In still otherembodiments, various components in assembly of components 800 areimplemented as a combination of hardware and software, e.g., withanother circuit external to the processor providing input to theprocessor which then under software control operates to perform aportion of a component's function. When implemented in software thecomponents include code, which when executed by a processor, e.g.,processor 506, configure the processor to implement the functioncorresponding to the component. In embodiments where the assembly ofcomponents 800 is stored in the memory 512, the memory 512 is a computerprogram product comprising a computer readable medium comprising code,e.g., individual code for each component, for causing at least onecomputer, e.g., processor 506, to implement the functions to which thecomponents correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 8 control and/or configure the UE device 500 orelements therein such as the processor 506, to perform the functions ofcorresponding steps illustrated and/or described in the method of one ormore of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/or described with respectto any of the Figures. Thus the assembly of components 800 includesvarious components that perform functions of corresponding one or moredescribed and/or illustrated steps of an exemplary method.

Assembly of components 800 includes a control routines component 802, acommunications component 804, a message generator component 806, amessage processing component 808.

The control routines component 802 is configured to control operation ofthe UE. The communication component 804 is configured to handlecommunications, e.g., receipt and transmission of signals and provideprotocol signal processing for one or protocols for the UE. The messagegenerator component 806 is configured to generate messages fortransmission to the wireless base stations (e.g., CBSD devices) such asmessages including user data and/or user data requests, controlmessages, etc. In some embodiments, the message generator component 806is a sub-component of the communications component 804. The messageprocessing component 808 processes received messages, e.g., requests forinformation. In some embodiments, the message processing component is asub-component of the communications component 808.

FIG. 9 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 900 which maybe included in a cable modem termination system, e.g., cable modemtermination system 600 of FIG. 6 , in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The components in the assembly of components 900 can, and insome embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processoror one or more processors, e.g., processor(s) 606, e.g., as individualcircuits. The components in the assembly of components 900 can, and insome embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within the assemblyof hardware components 608, e.g., as individual circuits correspondingto the different components. In other embodiments some of the componentsare implemented, e.g., as circuits, within processor(s) 606 with othercomponents being implemented, e.g., as circuits within assembly ofcomponents 608, external to and coupled to the processor(s) 606. Asshould be appreciated the level of integration of components on theprocessor and/or with some components being external to the processormay be one of design choice. Alternatively, rather than beingimplemented as circuits, all or some of the components may beimplemented in software and stored in the memory 612 of the cable modemtermination system 600, with the components controlling operation of thecable modem termination system 600 to implement the functionscorresponding to the components when the components are executed by aprocessor e.g., processor 606. In some such embodiments, the assembly ofcomponents 900 is included in the memory 612 as assembly of softwarecomponents 614. In still other embodiments, various components inassembly of components 900 are implemented as a combination of hardwareand software, e.g., with another circuit external to the processorproviding input to the processor which then under software controloperates to perform a portion of a component's function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor or one or more processors, e.g., processor(s)606, configure the processor(s) to implement the function correspondingto the component. In embodiments where the assembly of components 900 isstored in the memory 612, the memory 612 is a computer program productcomprising a computer readable medium comprising code, e.g., individualcode for each component, for causing at least one computer, e.g.,processor 606, to implement the functions to which the componentscorrespond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 9 control and/or configure the cable modemtermination system 600 or elements therein such as the processor(s) 606,to perform the functions of corresponding steps illustrated and/ordescribed in the method of one or more of the flowcharts, signalingdiagrams and/or described with respect to any of the Figures. Thus theassembly of components 900 includes various components that performfunctions of corresponding one or more described and/or illustratedsteps of an exemplary method.

Assembly of components 900 includes a control routines component 902, acommunications component 904, a message generator component 906, amessage processing component 908, a buffer management component 910, adeterminator component 912, a storage component 914, an uplink buffercomponent 916, a downlink buffer component 918, a mode of operationcomponent 920, and a switching component 926. In some embodiments, themode of operation component 920 includes one or more of the following:non-buffer management mode of operation component 922 and buffermanagement mode of operation 924.

The control routines component 902 is configured to control operation ofthe cable modem termination system. The communication component 904 isconfigured to handle communications, e.g., transmission and reception ofmessages, and protocol signaling for the cable modem termination system.The message generator component 906 is configured to generate messagesfor transmission to other devices. The message processing component 908is configured to process messages received from other devices, e.g.,messages from cable modems, messages from core network, and messagesfrom wireless base station, e.g., buffer management mode of operationmessages, buffer status reports, buffer information messages.

The buffer management component 910 is configured to implement allaspects related to buffer management including creation and managementof uplink data buffer(s) for storing data from cable modem devices to betransmitted to the core network devices, creation of downlink buffer(s)for storing data received from devices, e.g., core network devices fortransmission to user equipment devices via cable modems and wirelessbase station(s).

The determinator component 912 is configured to make determinations anddecisions for the cable modem termination system including for example:number of downlink data buffers to create for communications with awireless base station, whether to operate in a non-buffer managementmode of operation or a buffer management mode of operation with respectto a cable modem and/or a wireless base station, determination of whatCMTS downlink buffer to store received downlink data in, determinationof whether to maintain downlink data in a CMTS downlink buffer tocommunicate the data to a wireless base station via a cable modem, anamount of data to transmit to a wireless base station using informationreceived in a buffer status report.

The storage component 914 is configured to manage the storage, andretrieval of data and/or instructions to/and from memory, buffers inmemory, hardware buffers and/or storage device coupled and/or connectedto the wireless base station.

The uplink buffer component 916 is configured to handle uplink buffercreation and modification, e.g., increases and decreases in buffer size,management, storage and retrieval of data to the uplink buffer, flushingand/or transmittal of data from the uplink buffer to the other devices,e.g., devices in the core network. In some embodiments, uplink buffercomponent 916 is a sub-component of buffer management component 910 orstorage component 914.

The downlink buffer component 918 is configured to handle downlinkbuffer creation and modification, e.g., increases and/or decreases tobuffer size, management, storage and retrieval of data to the downlinkbuffer, flushing and/or transmittal of data from the downlink buffer tothe cable modem, determine the downlink buffer size, determine when thedownlink buffer should not send data to the wireless base station butshould instead store and/or maintain the data in a CMTS buffer,determine when and amount of data to send to a wireless base station fora user equipment device being serviced by the wireless base stationbased on information included in or derived from a buffer status report.In some embodiments, downlink buffer component 918 is a sub-component ofbuffer management component 910 or storage component 914.

The mode of operation component 920 is configured to control the cablemode termination to perform operations and steps of the methodsdisclosed herein while operating in the non-buffer management mode ofoperation and the buffer management mode of operation. In someembodiments, the mode of operation component 920 also makesdeterminations as to when the cable modem termination system is to enteror exit either the non-buffer management mode of operation or the buffermanagement mode of operation and with respect to which devices the CMTSis serving. In some embodiments, the mode of operation component 920controls the cable modem termination system to switch from thenon-buffer management mode of operation to the buffer management mode ofoperation with respect to buffering and communicating downlink data to awireless base station. In some embodiments, the mode of operationcomponent 920 controls the cable modem termination system to switch fromthe buffer management mode of mode of operation to the non-buffermanagement mode of operation with respect to buffering and communicatingdownlink data to a wireless base station. In some embodiments, the modeof operation component includes a non-buffer mode of operation component922 which controls the operation of the cable modem termination systemto perform the steps, functions and/or operations of various methodsdescribed herein while operating in the non-buffer management mode ofoperation with respect to a wireless base station or cable modem. Insome embodiments, the mode of operation component includes a buffer modeof operation component 924 which controls the operation of the cablemodem termination system to perform the steps, functions and/oroperations of various methods described herein while operating in thebuffer management mode of operation with respect to a wireless basestation or cable modem.

The switching component 926 is configured to control the cable modemtermination to: (i) switch from a first mode of operation to a secondmode of operation, and (ii) switch from a second mode of operation to afirst mode of operation. The first mode of operation may be andtypically is a non-buffer management mode of operation with respect to awireless base station or cable modem and the second mode of operation istypically a buffer management mode of operation with respect to awireless base station. In some embodiments, the switching component isalso configured to make the determination of when the cable modemtermination system is to switch: (i) from the first mode of operation tothe second mode of operation, and (ii) from the second mode of operationto the first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the switchingcomponent 926 is a sub-component of the mode of operation component 920.

FIG. 11 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 1200 whichmay be included in an exemplary cable modem (e.g., exemplary cable modem200 of FIG. 2 ), in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Thecomponents in the assembly of components 200 can, and in someembodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor, e.g.,processor 206, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 200 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 208, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 206 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 208, external to andcoupled to the processor 206. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory212 of the cable modem 200, with the components controlling operation ofcable modem 200 to implement the functions corresponding to thecomponents when the components are executed by a processor e.g.,processor 206. In some such embodiments, the assembly of components 1200is included in the memory 212 as assembly of software components 214. Instill other embodiments, various components in assembly of components1200 are implemented as a combination of hardware and software, e.g.,with another circuit external to the processor providing input to theprocessor which then under software control operates to perform aportion of a component's function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor, e.g., processor 206, configure the processor toimplement the function corresponding to the component. In embodimentswhere the assembly of components 200 is stored in the memory 212, thememory 212 is a computer program product comprising a computer readablemedium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each component, forcausing at least one computer, e.g., processor 406, to implement thefunctions to which the components correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 2 control and/or configure the cable modem 200 orelements therein such as the processor 206, to perform the functions ofcorresponding steps illustrated and/or described in the method of one ormore of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/or described with respectto any of the Figures. Thus the assembly of components 1200 includesvarious components that perform functions of corresponding one or moredescribed and/or illustrated steps of an exemplary method.

Assembly of components 1200 includes a control routines component 1202,a communications component 1204, a message generator component 1206, amessage processing component 1208, a determinator component 1218, astorage component 1220, and a buffer component 1222. In someembodiments, the buffer component 1222 includes one or more of thefollowing sub-components: an uplink buffer component 1224 and a downlinkbuffer component 1226.

The control routines component 1202 is configured to control operationof the cable modem. The communication component 1104 is configured tohandle communications, e.g., transmission and reception of messages,data packets, and protocol signaling for the cable modem. The messagegenerator component 1206 is configured to generate messages fortransmission to other devices such as for example messages to be sent tothe cable modem termination system and/or the wireless base station. Themessage processing component 1208 is configured to process messagesreceived from other devices, e.g., messages such as messages includingwireless bae station buffer management mode of operation messages,wireless base station buffer information messages, wireless basestation, buffer status messages and/or data packets from a wireless basestation and/or a cable modem termination system.

The determinator component 1218 is configured to make determinations anddecisions for the cable modem.

The storage component 1220 is configured to manage the storage, andretrieval of data and/or instructions to/and from memory, buffers inmemory, hardware buffers and/or storage devices coupled and/or connectedto the cable modem.

The buffer component 1222 is configured to control the cable modem toimplement all aspects related to buffer management including creationand management of an uplink data buffer for storing data from wirelessbase station to be transmitted to the cable modem termination system,creation of downlink buffer for storing data received from the cablemodem termination system. In some embodiments, the buffer component 1222is a sub-component of the storage component 1220.

In some embodiments the buffer component 1222 includes uplink buffercomponent 1224. The uplink buffer component 1224 is a sub-component ofthe buffer component 1222 and is configured to perform operationsrelating to the uplink buffer including uplink buffer creation andmodification, e.g., increase and decrease in buffer size, management,storage and retrieval of data to the uplink buffer, flushing and/ortransmittal of data from the uplink buffer to the cable modemtermination system. In some embodiments, uplink buffer component 1224 isnot a sub-component of buffer component 1222 but is a separatecomponent. In some embodiments, the uplink buffer component 1224 is asub-component of the storage component 1220.

In some embodiments the buffer component 1222 includes downlink buffercomponent 1226. The downlink buffer component 1226 is a sub-component ofthe buffer component 1222 and is configured to perform operationsrelating to the downlink buffer including downlink buffer creation andmodification, e.g., increase and decrease in buffer size, management,storage and retrieval of data to the downlink buffer, flushing and/ortransmittal of data from the downlink buffer to the wireless basestation. In some embodiments, downlink buffer component 1226 is not asub-component of buffer component 1222 but is a separate component. Insome embodiments, the downlink buffer component 1226 is a sub-componentof the storage component 1220.

FIG. 10 illustrates the steps of a flowchart of a method 1000 whichillustrates another exemplary method embodiment for dynamically managingcommunications between a cable modem termination system and a wirelessbase station. FIG. 10 illustrates the combination of FIGS. 10A, 10B,10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H, 10I, and 10J. FIG. 10A illustrates thesteps of the first part of an exemplary method in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10B illustrates the steps ofthe second part of an exemplary method in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention. FIG. 10C illustrates the steps of the thirdpart of an exemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention. FIG. 10D illustrates the steps of the fourth part ofan exemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 10E illustrates the steps of the fifth part of anexemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 10F illustrates the steps of the sixth part of anexemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 10 (G illustrates the steps of the seventh part of anexemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 10H illustrates the steps of the eighth part of anexemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 101 illustrates the steps of the ninth part of anexemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 10J illustrates the steps of the tenth part of anexemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

For explanatory purposes the exemplary method 1000 will be explained inconnection with the exemplary communications system 100 illustrated inFIG. 1 wherein the wireless network is a CBRS network, the wireless basestations are CBSD devices, the resource allocation management devicesare SAS devices, the user equipment devices are mobile terminals, andcables connect the cable modem 1 104, . . . , CM Y 114 to the cablemodem termination system 1 122. The cable modem termination system 1 122supplying power to the cable modems which in turn supplies power to thewireless base station 1 (CBSD 1) 102 and wireless base station 2 (CBSD2) 112. However, it should be understood that the method may beimplemented using other systems, e.g., other non-CBRS wireless systemsas well as other system configurations then those illustrated in FIG. 1. While it will be readily understood that additional steps andsignaling are performed in connection with communicating information,messages, and packets between devices, the method 1000 focuses on anddiscusses the steps and signaling for understanding the invention.

The method 1000 shown in FIG. 10 will now be discussed in detail. Themethod starts in start step 1002 shown on FIG. 10A.

Operation proceeds from start step 1002 to step 1004 shown on FIG. 10A.

In step 1004, a cable modem termination system (e.g., cable modemtermination system 1 122 of system 100) is powered up and beginsoperating. Operation proceeds from step 1004 to step 1006.

In step 1006, a cable modem (e.g., cable modem 1 104 of system 100)connects to the cable modem termination system and begins operating. Inthis exemplary embodiment, the cable modem is powered by the cable modemtermination system with power being supplied via a cable connecting thecable modem to the cable modem termination system. In variousembodiments, the cable is also used by the cable modem terminationsystem and the cable modem to communicate with one another. In at leastsome embodiments, the power is supplied using power over Ethernetprotocols, technologies and/or connections. Operation proceeds from step1006 to step 1008.

In step 1008, a wireless base station (e.g., wireless base station 102(e.g., a CSBD) of system 100) is connected to the cable modem via acable and begins operating. In various embodiments, the cable modemsupplies power to the wireless base station. In some embodiments, thepower is supplied by the cable modem to the wireless base station overthe cable connecting the wireless base station to the cable modem. Invarious embodiments, the cable connecting the wireless base station tothe cable mode is also by the cable modem and the wireless base stationto communicate with one another. The cable modem is positioned betweenthe wireless base station and the cable modem termination system. Thecable modem is situated on the communications path between the wirelessbase station and the CMTS. The cable modem in this exemplary system isfaster than the CMTS or the wireless base station in processing receiveduplink and downlink data and forwarding it to its respective destination(e.g., downlink data is received by the cable modem from the CMTS andtransmitted to the wireless base station while uplink data is receivedby the cable modem from the wireless base station and transmitted to theCMTS).

When the system is operating, the wireless base station providesservices, e.g., broadband services, to user equipment devices, e.g.,wireless devices such as laptops, smartphones, cellphones, tablets,cars, sensors, etc. which connect to the wireless base station. The userequipment device uplink data is sent to the core network (e.g., corenetwork 150) of the service provider (e.g., service provider 1 in system100) which operates both the wireless base station 1 102, the cablemodem 104, the cable modem termination system 1 122 and the core network150. In this example, the service provider provides both wireless andcable services. The user equipment device uplink data which is sent tothe core network traverses the following path: user equipment device towireless base station to cable modem to cable modem termination systemto core network device. Downlink data sent via the core network to theuser equipment device follows the reverse path: core network to cablemodem termination system to cable modem to wireless base station to userequipment device.

Operation proceeds from step 1008 to optional step 1010. In optionalstep 1010. The wireless base station registers with a resourceallocation management device, e.g., a spectrum access system (e.g., RAMD1 126 of system 100). This optional step is typically implemented bywireless base stations such as for example CBSD base stations of CBRSsystems wherein a Spectrum Access System allocates and manages spectrum,e.g., General Authorized Access spectrum, which a wireless base stationis to utilize. Operation proceeds from optional step 1010 to optionalstep 1012.

In optional step 1012, the resource allocation management device grantsspectrum to the wireless base station for use in communicating with userequipment devices. Operation proceeds from optional step 1012 to step1014.

When optional steps 1010 and 1012 are not implemented, operationproceeds from step 1008 to step 1014.

In step 1014, wireless connections are established between the wirelessbase station and a plurality of user equipment devices, each userequipment device having a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. In someembodiments, step 1014 includes one or more sub-steps 1016 and 1018. Insub-step 1016, a first wireless connection is established between thewireless base station and a first user equipment device. The first userequipment device being one of said plurality of user equipment devices.The first user equipment device has a first Internet Protocol (IP)address. In sub-step 1018, a second wireless connection is establishedbetween the wireless base station and a second user equipment device.The second user equipment device being one of the plurality of userequipment devices. The second user equipment device having a secondInternet Protocol address. The first and second user equipment devicesbeing different types of user equipment devices. In some embodiments thefirst and second user equipment devices have different downlink datausage patterns. In some embodiments, the first and second user equipmentdevices have different downlink latency requirements. Operation proceedsfrom step 1014 via connection node A 1020 to step 1022 shown on FIG.10B.

In step 1022, the wireless base station creates at the wireless basestation a downlink data buffer for each of the user equipment devices ofthe plurality of user equipment devices connected to the wireless basestation. In some embodiments, step 1022 includes sub-step 1024. Insub-step 1024, the wireless base station determines a size of thedownlink data buffer for each of the plurality of user equipment devicesbased on one or more of the following: (i) information received from theuser equipment device (e.g., during the establishment of the wirelessconnection with the user equipment device), (ii) channel stateinformation corresponding to the wireless connection between thewireless base station and the particular user equipment device, and(iii) the number of user equipment devices being serviced by thewireless base station. In some embodiments, step 1024 includes one ormore sub-steps 1026, 1028, 1030, 1032, 1034, 1036, 1038 and 1040.

In sub-step 1026, the wireless base station determines a device type foreach of the user equipment devices of the plurality of user equipmentdevices.

In sub-step 1028, the wireless base station determines a size of thedownlink data buffer for each user equipment device of the plurality ofuser equipment devices based on the determined user equipment device'sdevice type.

In sub-step 1030, the wireless base station assigns and/or associates aunique downlink data buffer identifier (ID) to each of the downlink databuffers it has created. In various embodiments, the downlink data bufferID is the IP address of the user equipment device for which the downlinkdata buffer is to be used to store downlink data.

In sub-step 1032, the wireless base station determines the first userequipment device is a smartphone device type based on device typeinformation received from the first user equipment device when the firstwireless connection was established. For example, the first userequipment device sent a device type message to the wireless base stationduring the establishment of the first wireless connection.

In sub-step 1034, the wireless base station determines the second userequipment device is a sensor device type based on device typeinformation received from the second user equipment device when thesecond connection was established. For example, the second userequipment device sent a device type message to the wireless base stationduring the establishment of the second wireless connection

In sub-step 1036, the wireless base station creates a first downlinkdata buffer to use for storing downlink data to be transmitted to thefirst user equipment device. The first downlink data is received fromthe CMTS via the cable modem. The first downlink data buffer having afirst buffer size. The first buffer size being determined based on thedetermined first user equipment device's device type.

In sub-step 1038, the wireless base station creates a second downlinkdata buffer for storing downlink data to be transmitted to the firstuser equipment device. The downlink data is received from the CMTS viathe cable modem. The second downlink data buffer having a second buffersize. The second buffer size being determined based on the determinedsecond user equipment device's device type.

In sub-step 1040, the wireless base station assigns and/or associates afirst downlink buffer ID to the first downlink buffer and a seconddownlink buffer ID to the second downlink data buffer. In someembodiments, the first downlink buffer ID is the first IP address. Insome embodiments, the second downlink buffer ID is the second IPaddress.

Operation proceeds via connection node B 1042 to step 1044 shown on FIG.10C.

In step 1044, the wireless base station creates an uplink data bufferfor each of the user equipment devices of the plurality of userequipment devices connected to the wireless base station.

In some embodiments step 1044 includes sub-step 1046. In sub-step 1046,the wireless base station determines a size of the uplink data bufferfor each of the plurality of user equipment devices based on one or moreof the following: (i) information received from the user equipmentdevice, e.g., during the establishment of the connection with the userequipment device, (ii) channel state information corresponding to thewireless connection between the wireless base station and the particularuser equipment device, and (iii) the number of user equipment devicesbeing serviced by the wireless base station. In some embodiments,sub-step 1046 includes one or more sub-steps 1048, 1050, 1052, 1054,1056, 1058, 1060, and 1062.

In sub-step 1048, the wireless base station determines a device type foreach of the user equipment devices of the plurality of user equipmentdevices. In sub-step 1050, the wireless bas station determines a size ofthe uplink data buffer for each user equipment device of the pluralityof user equipment devices based on the determined user equipmentdevice's device type. In sub-step 1052, the wireless base stationassigns and/or associates a unique uplink data buffer ID to each of theuplink data buffers created. In some embodiments, the wireless basestation assigns and/or associates each user equipment device's IPaddress to the uplink data buffer to be used for storing the userequipment device's uplink data. In sub-step 1054, the wireless basestation determines the first user equipment device is a smartphonedevice type based on device type information received from the firstuser equipment device when the first wireless connection wasestablished. In sub-step 1056, the wireless base station determines thesecond user equipment device is a sensor device type based on devicetype information received from the second user equipment device when thesecond wireless connection was established. In sub-step 1058, thewireless bas station creates a first uplink data buffer for storing datareceived from the first user equipment device. The first uplink databuffer having a third buffer size. The third buffer size beingdetermined based on the determined first user equipment device's devicetype. In sub-step 1060, the wireless base station creates a seconduplink data buffer for storing data received from the second userequipment device. The second uplink data buffer having a fourth buffersize. The fourth buffer size being determined based on the determinedsecond user equipment device's device type. In sub-step 1062, thewireless base station assigns and/or associates a first uplink buffer IDto the first uplink data buffer and a second uplink buffer ID to thesecond uplink data buffer. In some embodiments, the wireless basestation assigns and/or associates the first IP address to the firstuplink data buffer. In some embodiments, the wireless base stationassigns and/or associates the second IP address to the second uplinkdata buffer.

In various embodiments, the buffer sizes are in bytes. In variousembodiments, the first buffer size, second buffer size, third buffersize and fourth buffer size are different from one another.

Operation proceeds from step 1062 via connection node C 1064 to step1066 shown on FIG. 10D.

In step 106, the wireless base station sets a threshold capacity valuefor each created wireless base station downlink data buffer, each ofthreshold capacity values being determined based on one or more of thefollowing: (i) device type of the user equipment device for which thewireless base station downlink daa buffer is to be used, (ii) trafficlatency requirements of the user equipment device for which the wirelessbase station downlink data buffer is to be used (e.g., low latencyrequirement or a maximum amount of transmission latency requirement forthe user account on which the user equipment device is registered and/oroperating, (iii) data rate or speed with which an amount of data can betransmitted from the CMTS to the wireless base station, (iv) channelstate information of the wireless downlink communications channelconnection between the wireless base station and the user equipmentdevice for which the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to beused, (v) channel conditions between the wireless base station and theuser equipment device for which the wireless base station downlink databuffer is to be used, (vi) modulation coding scheme used by the wirelessbase station to transmit downlink data to the user equipment device forwhich the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to be used, and(vii) distance of the user equipment device for which the wireless basestation downlink data buffer is to be used form the wireless basestation. In some embodiments, step 1066 includes one or more sub-steps1068, 1070, and 1074.

In sub-step 1068, the wireless base station sets a first thresholdcapacity value for the first wireless base station downlink data buffer(e.g., 20% which corresponds to when 20% of the first wireless basestation downlink data buffer is being utilized and 80% of the firstwireless base station downlink data buffer is not being utilized. Forexample, when the first wireless base station downlink data buffer is1000 bytes-200 bytes are being utilized and 800 bytes of the buffer areempty or not being utilized to store data.

In sub-step 1070, the wireless base statin sets a second thresholdcapacity value for the second wireless base station downlink data buffer(e.g., 40% which corresponds to when 40% of the second wireless basestation downlink data buffer is being utilized and 60% of the secondwireless base station downlink data buffer is not being utilized. Forexample, when the second downlink data buffer size is 1000 bytes-400bytes are being utilized and 600 bytes of the buffer are empty or notbeing used to store data.

In sub-step 1072, the wireless base statin sets a third thresholdcapacity value for a third wireless base station downlink data buffer(e.g., 60% which corresponds to when 60% of the third wireless basestation downlink data buffer is being utilized and 40% of the thirdwireless base station downlink data buffer is not being utilized. Forexample, when the third downlink data buffer size is 1000 bytes-600bytes are being utilized and 400 bytes of the buffer are empty or notbeing used to store data.

Operation proceeds from step 1068 via connection node D 1074 to step1076 shown on FIG. 10E.

In step 1076, while operating n a first mode of operation with respectto the wireless base station, the CMTS utilizes a single CMTS downlinkdata buffer downlink data buffer for storing all downlink data receivedfrom a core network for the wireless base station without regard to userequipment devices being serviced by the wireless base station to whichthe received downlink data is to be sent. Operation proceeds from step1076 to step 1078.

In step 1078, while operating in the first mode of operation withrespect to the wireless base station, the CMTS performs the followingoperations: (i) receiving downlink data at the CMTS for two differentuser equipment devices being serviced by the wireless base station, (ii)storing the received downlink data in the single downlink data bufferfor the wireless base station, and (iii) transmitting the storeddownlink data to the wireless base station without waiting to receive abuffer statue message from the wireless base station. Operation proceedsfrom step 1078 to step 1080.

In step 1080, the wireless base station receives the data transmittedfrom the CMTS. Operation proceeds from step 1080 to step 1082.

In step 1082, the wireless base station stores the received downlinkdata for the two different user equipment devices in wireless downlinkdata buffers corresponding to the user equipment devices to which thedata has been sent if space if available in the downlink data bufferotherwise the CMTS discards the received downlink data when the downlinkdata buffer for the user equipment device to which the downlink data hasbeen sent is full. Operation proceeds from step 1082 via connection nodeE 1084 to step 1086 shown on FIG. 10F.

In step 1086, the wireless base station generates a buffer managementmode of operation. In some embodiments step 1086 includes sub-step 1088.In sub-step 1088, the generated buffer management mode of operationmessage includes information indicating that the cable modem terminationsystem is serving a wireless base station. Operation proceeds from step1086 to step 1090.

In step 1090, the wireless base station transmits the buffer managementmode of operation message to the cable modem termination system via thecable modem to notify the cable modem termination system that it isserving a wireless base station. Operation proceeds from step 1090 tostep 1092.

In step 1092, the cable modem termination system receives the buffermanagement mode of operation message from the wireless base station.Operation proceeds from step 1092 to step 1094.

In step 1094, in response to receiving the buffer management mode ofoperation message, the cable modem termination system switches fromoperating in the first mode of operation to operating in a second modeof operation with respect to buffering and communicating downlink datato the wireless base station. The first mode of operation being anon-buffer management mode of operation and the second mode of operationbeing a buffer management mode of operation. Operation proceeds fromstep 1094 to step 1096.

In step 1096, the wireless base station communicates information to theCMTS for crating CMTS downlink data buffers to be used for storingdownlink data to be sent to the wireless base station, e.g., downlinkdata received from the core network or from another user connected toanother wireless base station. In some embodiments step 1096 includesone or more sub-steps 1098 and 1100.

In sub-step 1098, the wireless base station communicates, e.g.,transmits, the total number of user equipment devices the wireless basestation is capable of supporting, the number of active user equipmentdevices the wireless base station is currently providing services to,the number of active wireless base station downlink data buffers, thebuffer ID of each active wireless base station downlink data buffer, theIP address of each user equipment device the wireless base station isactively providing services to, and information correlating the wirelessbase station buffer ID and the user equipment device for which it isbeing used to store data. In sub-step 1100, the wireless base stationcommunicates to the CMTS the following information: buffer sizeinformation for each active wireless base station downlink andidentification information identifying the user equipment device forwhich the downlink data buffer is being used (e.g., user equipmentdevice having first IP address has a first wireless base stationdownlink data buffer having a first buffer size (e.g., 1000 bytes).

Operation proceeds from step 1096 via connection node F 1102 to step1104 shown on FIG. 10G.

In step 1104, the CMTS receives the information sent from the wirelessbase station to the CMTS for creating CMTS downlink data buffers to beused for storing downlink data to be sent to the wireless base station.Operation proceeds from step 1104 to step 1106.

In step 1106, while operating in the second mode of operation withrespect to the wireless base station, (i) creating by the CMTS at theCMTS a plurality of downlink data buffers, each of said plurality ofCMTS downlink data buffers corresponding to a different user equipmentdevice to which the wireless base station is actively providingservices, (ii) receiving at the CMTS a first downlink data packet forone of the user equipment devices to which the wireless base station isactively providing services, (iii) determining from the first downlinkdata packet to which user equipment device being serviced by thewireless base station the first downlink has been sent, (vi) determiningwhich CMTS downlink data buffer of the plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers corresponds to the determined user equipment device to which thefirst downlink data packet has been sent, and (v) storing the receivedfirst downlink data packet in one of the plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers, e.g., storing the first downlink data packet in the determinedCMTS downlink data buffer which corresponds to the determined userequipment device to which the first downlink data packet has been sent.Operation proceeds from step 1106 to step 1108.

In step 1108, while the CMTS is operating in the second mode ofoperation with respect to the wireless base station, (i) receiving bythe CMTS a second downlink data packet, the second downlink data packetincluding a second destination IP address, the second destination IPaddress being the second IP address; and (ii) storing by the CMTS thereceived second downlink data packet in the second CMTS downlink databuffer. Operation proceeds from step 1108 to step 1110.

In step 1110, maintaining the first downlink data packet in bufferstorage at the CMTS until the CMTS makes a determination that thewireless base station active downlink data buffer corresponding to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first data packet has beensent has available capacity to store the first downlink data packet.

In step 1112, maintaining the second downlink data packet in bufferstorage at the CMTS until the CMTS makes a determination that thewireless base station active downlink data buffer corresponding to thedetermined user equipment device to which the second data packet hasbeen sent has available capacity to store the second downlink datapacket. Operation proceeds from step 1112 via connection node G 1114 tostep 1116 shown on FIG. 10H.

In step 1116, receiving a buffer status report at the CMTS from thewireless base station, the buffer status report including informationfrom which the available capacity of the wireless base station downlinkdata buffer being used to store downlink data for the user equipmentdevice corresponding to the determined user equipment device to whichthe first data packet has been sent. Operation proceeds from step 1116to step 1118.

In step 1118, the CMTS makes the determination that the wireless basestation active downlink buffer corresponding to the determined userequipment device to which the first data packet has been sent hasavailable capacity to store the first data packet based on the receivedbuffer status report. Operation proceeds from step 1118 to step 1120.

In step 1120, the CMTS determines the amount of available downlink databuffer capacity at the wireless base station for downlink data for theuser equipment device to which the buffer status report correspondsbased on information received and/or derived from the received bufferstatus report. In some embodiments, step 1120 includes sub-step 1122. Insub-step 1122 the CTMS determines the amount of available downlink databuffer capacity at the wireless base station for downlink data for theuser equipment device to which the buffer status report correspondsincludes the operation of: subtracting the amount of buffer capacitycurrently in use by the wireless base station for the user equipmentdevice to which the buffer status report corresponds from the maximumsize of the wireless base station downlink buffer corresponding to theuser equipment device to which the buffer status report corresponds.

Operation proceeds from step 1120 to step 1124. In step 1124, the CMTStransmits to the wireless base station an amount of downlink data forthe user equipment device to which the received buffer status reportcorresponds equal to or less than the determined amount of availabledownlink data buffer capacity at the wireless base station for downlinkdata for the user equipment device to which the buffer status reportcorresponds. In some embodiments, step 1124 includes sub-step 1126.

In sub-step 1126, the CMTS transmits to the wireless base station thefirst downlink data packet. The first downlink data packet beingincluded in a set of downlink data packets, the set in total includingdata of an amount equal to or smaller than the determined amount ofdownlink data buffer capacity for the user equipment devicecorresponding to the buffer status message, said buffer status messagecorresponding to the user equipment device to which the first downlinkdata packet was sent. Operation proceeds from step 1124 via connectionnode H 1128 to step 1132.

In step 1132, while the CMTS is operating in the second mode ofoperation with respect to the wireless base station the CTMS performsthe following operations: (i) storing downlink data received for eachuser equipment device actively being serviced by the wireless basestation in a separate CMTS downlink data buffer, each of the separateCMTS downlink data buffers being one of the plurality of CMTS createddownlink data buffers, (ii) receiving by the CMTS buffer status messagesfrom the wireless base station, each of the buffer status messagesincluding information indicating an amount of buffer storage capacityavailable for storing downlink data corresponding to a specific userequipment device actively being serviced by the wireless base station,(iii) scheduling the transmission of stored downlink data to thewireless base station for the user equipment devices being serviced bythe wireless base station based on the available buffer capacity at thewireless base station for storing downlink data corresponding to theparticular user equipment device. Operation proceeds from step 1132 tostep 1134.

In step 1134, when an amount of downlink data in a wireless base stationdownlink data buffer falls below its threshold capacity value,generating by the wireless base station a buffer status report for thewireless base station downlink data buffer. Operation proceeds from step1134 to step 1136.

In step 1136, transmitting, by the wireless base station, each generatedbuffer status report to the CMTS. Each buffer status indicating orincluding information indicating the amount of available buffer space inthe wireless base station downlink buffer corresponding to the bufferstatus report. Operation proceeds from step 1136 to step 1138.

In step 1138, dynamically adjusting, by the wireless base station, thethreshold capacity value for one or more wireless base station downlinkdata buffers based on changes in channel state information. For example,changes in channel state information corresponding to the wirelessconnection between the wireless base station and one or more userequipment devices corresponding to the one or more wireless base stationdownlink data buffers. Operation proceeds from step 1138 to step 1132via connection node H 1130 and to step 1144 shown on FIG. 10J viaconnection node I 1142. Step 1132 is implemented as additional downlinkdata for user equipment devices being serviced by the wireless basestation is received and stored by the CMTS. The steps of the methodrepeating.

In step 1144, the wireless base station sends updated wireless basestation buffer information to the CMTS identifying: (i) wireless basestation downlink data buffers which are no longer active (e.g., UE is nolonger being actively serviced by the wireless base station) and (ii)additional user equipment devices which have connected to wireless basestation and are actively being provided serviced (e.g., identifying UEIP address of additional UE), updated information on wireless basestation downlink data buffers which are active (e.g., additionalwireless base station downlink data buffers and corresponding UE IPaddresses for which the buffers are to be used to store downlink data.Operation proceeds from step 1144 to step 1146.

In step 1146, the CMTS receives and uses the updated wireless basestation buffer information to create downlink data buffers for each ofthe additional user equipment devices connected to the wireless basestation and actively being provided services and to identify and deletedCMTS downlink data buffers that correspond to wireless base stationdownlink data buffers which are no longer active. Operation proceedsfrom step 1146 via connection node H 1148 to step 1132 shown on FIG. 10Iwhere processing proceeds as previously described.

In some embodiments, steps 1106, 1108, 1110, 1112, 1116, 1118, 1120,1124 are optional and the method proceeds from step 1104 to step 1132.

Various implementations and optional features of the method 1000 willnow be discussed.

While the process of management of CMTS buffer storage with respect to asingle CMTS and a single wireless base station has been described theprocess may be, and in some embodiments is implemented by numerouswireless base stations being serviced by a single CMTS. Similarly, eachCMTS may implement the method for multiple wireless base stations it isserving.

In some embodiments, the wireless base station is part of a wirelessnetwork operated by a first service provider. In some embodiments, thecable modem is part of a cable network operated by the first serviceprovider. In some embodiments, the cable modem termination system ispart of the cable network operated by the first service provider. Insome embodiments, the wireless base station is a Citizens BroadbandService Device (CBSD) and the wireless network is a Citizens BroadbandRadio Service (CBRS) network. In most embodiments, the cable modem ispowered by the cable modem termination system. In some embodiments, thewireless base station is powered by the cable modem termination systemvia the cable modem.

Various exemplary numbered embodiments illustrating different featuresof the present invention will now be discussed. The various featuresdiscussed may be used in variety of different combinations. The numberedembodiments are only exemplary and are not meant to be limiting to thescope of the invention.

List of Exemplary Numbered Method Embodiments:

Method Embodiment 1: A communications method comprising: receiving abuffer management mode of operation message at a cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS) from a first wireless base station via a cable modemlocated on a communications path between the CMTS and the first wirelessbase station; switching, by the CMTS, from operating in a first mode ofoperation to operating in a second mode of operation with respect tobuffering and communicating downlink data to the first wireless basestation in response to receiving said buffer management mode ofoperation message; while operating in said second mode of operation: (i)creating by the CMTS a plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers, each ofsaid plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers corresponding to adifferent user equipment device to which the first wireless base stationis actively providing services; (ii) receiving at the CMTS a firstdownlink data packet for one of the user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services; and (iii)storing said received first downlink data packet in one of saidplurality of CMTS downlink data buffers.

Method Embodiment 2. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,further comprising: prior to storing said received first downlink datapacket in one of said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers: (i)determining from the first downlink data packet a user equipment deviceto which the first downlink data packet has been sent, said userequipment device being one of the user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services; (ii)determining which CMTS downlink data buffer of the plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers corresponds to the determined user equipmentdevice to which the first downlink data packet has been sent; and (iii)wherein said storing, said received first downlink data packet in one ofsaid plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers includes: storing saidfirst downlink data packet in the determined CMTS downlink data bufferwhich corresponds to the determined user equipment device to which thefirst downlink data packet has been sent.

Method Embodiment 2A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 2,wherein one of said plurality of user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services is a firstuser equipment device, said first user equipment device having a firstInternet Protocol address; wherein said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers includes a first CMTS downlink data buffer corresponding to thefirst user equipment device; wherein said first downlink data packetincludes a first IP destination address, said first IP destinationaddress being the first IP address; and wherein said storing said firstdownlink data packet in the determined CMTS downlink data buffer whichcorresponds to the determined user equipment device to which the firstdownlink data packet has been sent includes: storing the first downlinkdata packet in the first CMTS downlink data buffer.

Method Embodiment 2B. The communications method of Method Embodiment 2A,wherein one of said plurality of user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services is a seconduser equipment device, said second user equipment device having a secondInternet Protocol address; wherein said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers includes a second CMTS downlink data buffer corresponding to thesecond user equipment device.

Method Embodiment 2C. The communications method of Method Embodiment 2B,further comprising: while operating in said second mode of operation:(i) receiving a second downlink data packet, said second downlink datapacket including a second destination IP address, said seconddestination IP address being said second IP address; and (ii) storing bythe CMTS the received second downlink data packet in the second CMTSdownlink data buffer.

Method Embodiment 2D. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,wherein the first wireless base station is a Citizens Broadband RadioService Device operating as part of a Citizens Broadband Radio ServiceNetwork.

Method Embodiment 2E. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,wherein said second mode of operation is a buffer management mode ofoperation; and wherein said first mode of operation is a non-buffermanagement mode of operation.

Method Embodiment 2F. The communications method of Method Embodiment 2B,further comprising: while operating in said first mode of operation withrespect to the first wireless base station, utilizing a single CMTSdownlink buffer for storing all downlink data received from a corenetwork for the first wireless base station without regard to userequipment devices being serviced by the first wireless base station towhich the received downlink data is to be sent.

Method Embodiment 2F1. The communications method of Method Embodiment2F, further comprising: while operating in said first mode of operation:(i) receiving downlink data at the CMTS for two different user equipmentdevices being serviced by the first wireless base station; (ii) storingsaid received downlink data in the single downlink data buffer for thefirst wireless base station; and (iii) transmitting said stored downlinkdata to the first wireless base station without waiting to receive abuffer status message from the first wireless base station.

Method Embodiment 3. The communications method of Method Embodiment 2,wherein the buffer management mode message includes informationnotifying the CMTS that the CMTS is serving a wireless base station.

Method Embodiment 4. The communications method of Method Embodiment 3further comprising: receiving at the CMTS from the first wireless basestation first information, said first information including anidentifier for each user equipment device to which the first wirelessbase station is actively providing services, said first informationincluding a first user equipment device identifier for the first userequipment device to which the first wireless base station is activelyproviding services.

Method Embodiment 4A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 4,wherein said first information is included in the buffer management modeof operation message.

Method Embodiment 4AA. The communications method of Method Embodiment 4,wherein said first information is included in one or more messages whichare different than said buffer management mode of operation message.

Method Embodiment 4B. The communications method of Method Embodiment 4,wherein said first information includes one or more of the following:(i) a maximum number of user equipment devices that the first wirelessbase station is capable of supporting; (ii) number of active downlinkdata buffers at the first wireless base station, (iii) number of userequipment devices actively being serviced by the first wireless basestation, (iv) size of each active downlink data buffer and thecorresponding user equipment device for which it is being used to storereceived downlink data, and (v) Internet Protocol (IP) address of eachuser equipment device actively being serviced by the first wireless basestation.

Method Embodiment 4BB. The communications method of Method Embodiment4B, wherein said user equipment device IP address is used as a downlinkdata buffer identifier by the first wireless base station; and whereinthe size of each active downlink data buffers is specified in bytes.

Method Embodiment 4BBB. The communications method of Method Embodiment4BB, wherein said user equipment IP address is used as a downlink databuffer identifier by the CMTS.

Method Embodiment 4C. The communications method of Method Embodiment 4B,wherein said first information is included in the buffer management modeof operation message.

Method Embodiment 4CC. The communications method of Method Embodiment4BBB, wherein said first information is included in one or more messageswhich are different than said buffer management mode of operationmessage.

Method Embodiment 4CCC. The communications method of Method Embodiment4B, wherein said first information is included in a plurality ofmessages which are different from the buffer management mode ofoperation message, each of said plurality of messages including aportion of the first information corresponding to a single userequipment device.

Method Embodiment 5. The communications method of Method Embodiment 4,wherein the identifier for each user equipment device is an InternetProtocol (IP) address being used by the user equipment device, each ofsaid IP addresses being different; and wherein the first user equipmentdevice identifier is a first IP address being used by the first userequipment device.

Method Embodiment 5A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 5,wherein said determining from the first downlink data packet to whichuser equipment device being serviced by the first wireless base stationthe first downlink data packet has been sent includes: identifying theuser equipment device to which the first downlink data packet has beensent based on a destination IP address included in the first downlinkdata packet and said first information received from said first wirelessbase station.

Method Embodiment 6. The communications method of Method Embodiment 5,wherein each user equipment device to which the wireless base station isactively providing services has a separate active wireless base stationdownlink data buffer located at the wireless base station; wherein saidfirst information further includes a buffer size of each of the activewireless base station downlink data buffers and an indication as towhich wireless base station downlink data buffer each buffer sizecorresponds and an indication as to which user equipment device eachactive wireless base station downlink data buffer corresponds.

Method Embodiment 7. The communications method of Method Embodiment 2,further comprising: maintaining the first downlink data packet in bufferstorage at the CMTS until the CMTS makes a determination that a firstwireless base station active downlink data buffer corresponding to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first data packet has beensent has available capacity to store the first downlink data packet.

Method Embodiment 8. The communications method of Method Embodiment 7,further comprising: receiving a buffer status report at the CMTS fromthe first wireless base station, said buffer status report includinginformation from which the available capacity of the first wireless basestation downlink data buffer, being used to store downlink data for theuser equipment device corresponding to the determined user equipmentdevice to which the first data packet has been sent, can be determined;and wherein said CMTS makes said determination that the first wirelessbase station active downlink data buffer corresponding to the determineduser equipment device to which the first data packet has been sent hasavailable capacity to store the first data packet based on said receivedbuffer status report.

Method Embodiment 9. The communications method of Method Embodiment 8,wherein the buffer status report includes: (i) a user equipment deviceIP address of the user equipment device to which the buffer statusreport corresponds and (ii) an amount of buffer capacity correspondingto the user equipment device IP address currently being used for datastorage at the first wireless base station.

Method Embodiment 9A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 8,wherein the buffer status report includes: (i) the user equipment deviceIP address of the user equipment device to which the buffer statusreport corresponds and (ii) the amount of available downlink buffercapacity corresponding to the user equipment device having the IPaddress to which the buffer status report corresponds.

Method Embodiment 10. The communications method of Method Embodiment 9,further comprising: determining by the CMTS the amount of availabledownlink data buffer capacity at the first wireless base station fordownlink data for the user equipment device having the IP address towhich the buffer status report corresponds includes: subtracting theamount of buffer capacity currently in use by the first wireless basestation for the user equipment device having the IP address to which thebuffer status report corresponds from the maximum size of the firstwireless base station downlink buffer corresponding to the userequipment device having the IP address to which the buffer status reportcorresponds (e.g., UE 1 has a first IP address, first wireless basestation creates a first downlink data buffer corresponds to first IPaddress to store data received for the UE 1, the first downlink databuffer has a maximum size of 100 bytes, the buffer status reportindicates 20 bytes are in use, the CMTS determines that 80 bytes of datacan be transmitted to the first wireless base station for UE 1 from theCMTS downlink data buffer for UE 1 corresponding to the first IPaddress).

Method Embodiment 11. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,further comprising: while the CMTS is operating in said second mode ofoperation, (i) storing, by the CMTS, downlink data received for eachuser equipment device actively being serviced by the first wireless basestation in a separate CMTS downlink data buffer, each of said separateCMTS downlink data buffers being one of the plurality of CMTS createddownlink data buffers; (ii) receiving by the CMTS buffer status messagesfrom the first wireless base station, each of said buffer statusmessages including information indicating an amount of buffer storagecapacity available for storing downlink data corresponding to a specificuser equipment device actively being serviced by the first wireless basestation; and (iii) scheduling the transmission of stored downlink datato the first wireless base station for the user equipment devices beingserviced by the first wireless base station based on the availablebuffer capacity at the first wireless base station for storing downlinkdata corresponding to the particular user equipment device.

Method Embodiment 12. The communications method of Method Embodiment 11,wherein said scheduling the transmission of stored downlink data to thefirst wireless base station for the user equipment devices beingserviced by the first wireless base station based on the availablebuffer capacity at the first wireless base station for storing downlinkdata corresponding to the particular user equipment device includes onlyscheduling the transmission of downlink data to the first wireless basestation for a particular user equipment device in response to receivinga buffer status message including information that the first wirelessbase station has an amount of buffer capacity available for storingdownlink data for the particular user equipment device at the firstwireless base station and then only scheduling the transmission of theamount of downlink data equal to or less than the amount of availablebuffer capacity indicated as being available.

Method Embodiment 13. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,further comprising: establishing a plurality of wireless connectionsbetween the first wireless base station and the plurality of userequipment devices to which the first wireless base station is providingwireless services; and creating by the first wireless base station awireless base station downlink data buffer for each of the plurality ofuser equipment devices.

Method Embodiment 14. The communications method of Method Embodiment 13,further comprising: prior to creating a wireless base station downlinkdata buffer for a user equipment device, determining the size of thedownlink data buffer to be created for the user equipment device basedon one or more of the following: information received from the userequipment device (e.g., device type, hardware version, software version,model type, anticipated traffic type (e.g., downlink dominated traffictype or uplink dominated traffic type), latency requirements, amount ofstorage space available for buffering downlink data at the firstwireless base station, number of user equipment devices being servicedby the first wireless base station, maximum number of user equipmentdevices which the first wireless base station is capable of servicing,historical amount of downlink data traffic received for the userequipment device; and associating with each created wireless basestation downlink data buffer a unique buffer identifier, said wirelessbase station downlink buffer identifier identifying the user equipmentdevice for which the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to beused.

Method Embodiment 15. The communications method of Method Embodiment 14,wherein said unique wireless base station buffer identifier is a userequipment device IP address; and wherein said user equipment device IPaddress is the user equipment device IP address of the user equipmentdevice for which wireless base station downlink data buffer is to beused.

Method Embodiment 16. The communications method of Method Embodiment 15,further comprising: setting, by the wireless base station, a thresholdcapacity value, for each created wireless base station downlink databuffer, said threshold capacity value being based on one or more of thefollowing: (i) user equipment device type of the user equipment forwhich the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to be used, (ii)traffic latency requirements of the user equipment device for which thewireless base station downlink data buffer is to be used (e.g., lowlatency requirement or a maximum amount of transmission latency), (iii)data rate or speed with which an amount of data can be transmitted fromthe CMTS to the first wireless base station, (iv) channel stateinformation of the wireless downlink communications channel between thefirst wireless base station and the user equipment device for which thewireless base station downlink buffer is to be used, (v) channelconditions between the first wireless base station and the userequipment device for which the wireless base station downlink buffer isto be used, (vi) modulation coding scheme used by the first wirelessbase station to transmit downlink data to the user equipment device forwhich the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to be used, and(vii) distance of the user equipment device, for which the wireless basestation downlink data buffer is to be used, from the first wireless basestation.

Method Embodiment 17. The communications method of Method Embodiment 16,further comprising: when an amount of downlink data in a wireless basestation downlink data buffer falls below its threshold capacity value,generating, by the wireless base station, a buffer status report for thewireless base station downlink data buffer; and transmitting, by thewireless base station, said generated buffer status report to the CMTS.

Method Embodiment 18. The communications method of Method Embodiment 17,wherein said buffer status report includes: (i) an indication of theuser equipment device for which downlink buffer data is to be sent, and(ii) a maximum amount of downlink data that is to be sent in response tothe buffer status report.

Method Embodiment 19. The communications method of Method Embodiment 18,further comprising: dynamically adjusting the threshold capacity valuefor one or more wireless base station downlink data buffers based onchanges in channel state information.

Method Embodiment 20. The communications method of Method Embodiment 19,wherein said setting, by the wireless base station, a threshold capacityvalue, for each created wireless base station downlink data bufferincludes determining an optimum threshold capacity for each createdwireless base station downlink data buffer based on latency requirementsfor the data traffic being stored in the particular wireless basestation downlink data buffer and which also prevents buffer overflow forthe created wireless base station downlink data buffer.

List of Exemplary Numbered System Embodiments:

System Embodiment 1. A communications system comprising: a cable modemtermination system, said cable modem termination system including: amemory; and a first processor that controls the cable modem terminationsystem to perform the following operations: receiving a buffermanagement mode of operation message from a first wireless base stationvia a cable modem located on a communications path between the CMTS andthe first wireless base station; switching, by the CMTS, from operatingin a first mode of operation to operating in a second mode of operationwith respect to buffering and communicating downlink data to the firstwireless base station in response to receiving said buffer managementmode of operation message; while operating in said second mode ofoperation: (i) creating by the CMTS in the memory included in the CMTS aplurality of CMTS downlink data buffers, each of said plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers corresponding to a different user equipment deviceto which the first wireless base station is actively providing services;(ii) receiving at the CMTS a first downlink data packet for one of theuser equipment devices to which the first wireless base station isactively providing services; and (iii) storing said received firstdownlink data packet in one of said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers.

System Embodiment 2. The communications system of System Embodiment 1,wherein the first processor further controls the cable modem terminationsystem to perform the following additional operations: prior to storingsaid received first downlink data packet in one of said plurality ofCMTS downlink data buffers: (i) determining from the first downlink datapacket a user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent, said user equipment device being one of the userequipment devices to which first wireless base station is activelyproviding services; (ii) determining which CMTS downlink data buffer ofthe plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers corresponds to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent; and (iii) wherein said operation of storing, saidreceived first downlink data packet in one of said plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers includes: storing said first downlink data packetin the determined CMTS downlink data buffer which corresponds to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent.

System Embodiment 2A. The communications system of System Embodiment 2,wherein one of said plurality of user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services is a firstuser equipment device, said first user equipment device having a firstInternet Protocol address; wherein said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers includes a first CMTS downlink data buffer corresponding to thefirst user equipment device; wherein said first downlink data packetincludes a first IP destination address, said first IP destinationaddress being the first IP address; and wherein said operation ofstoring said first downlink data packet in the determined CMTS downlinkdata buffer which corresponds to the determined user equipment device towhich the first downlink data packet has been sent includes: storing thefirst downlink data packet in the first CMTS downlink data buffer.

System Embodiment 2B. The communications system of System Embodiment 2A,wherein one of said plurality of user equipment devices to which thefirst wireless base station is actively providing services is a seconduser equipment device, said second user equipment device having a secondInternet Protocol address; and wherein said plurality of CMTS downlinkdata buffers includes a second CMTS downlink data buffer correspondingto the second user equipment device.

System Embodiment 2C. The communications system of System Embodiment 2B,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform theadditional operations of: while operating in said second mode ofoperation: (i) receiving a second downlink data packet, said seconddownlink data packet including a second destination IP address, saidsecond destination IP address being said second IP address; and (ii)storing by the CMTS the received second downlink data packet in thesecond CMTS downlink data buffer.

System Embodiment 2D. The communications system of System Embodiment 1,wherein the first wireless base station is a Citizens Broadband RadioService Device operating as part of a Citizens Broadband Radio ServiceNetwork.

System Embodiment 2E. The communications system of System Embodiment 1,wherein said second mode of operation is a buffer management mode ofoperation; and wherein said first mode of operation is a non-buffermanagement mode of operation.

System Embodiment 2F. The communications system of System Embodiment 2B,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform theadditional operation of: while operating in said first mode of operationwith respect to the first wireless base station, utilizing a single CMTSdownlink buffer for storing all downlink data received from a corenetwork for the first wireless base station without regard to userequipment devices being serviced by the first wireless base station towhich the received downlink data is to be sent.

System Embodiment 2F1. The communications system of System Embodiment2F, wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform thefollowing additional operations while operating in said first mode ofoperation: (i) receiving downlink data at the CMTS for two differentuser equipment devices being serviced by the first wireless basestation; (ii) storing said received downlink data in the single downlinkdata buffer for the first wireless base station; and (iii) transmittingsaid stored downlink data to the first wireless base station withoutwaiting to receive a buffer status message from the first wireless basestation.

System Embodiment 3. The communications system of System Embodiment 2,wherein the buffer management mode of operation message includesinformation notifying the CMTS that the CMTS is serving a wireless basestation.

System Embodiment 4. The communications system of System Embodiment 3,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform theadditional operation of: receiving at the CMTS from the first wirelessbase station first information, said first information including anidentifier for each user equipment device to which the first wirelessbase station is actively providing services, said first informationincluding a first user equipment device identifier for the first userequipment device to which the first wireless base station is activelyproviding services.

System Embodiment 4A. The communications system of System Embodiment 4,wherein said first information is included in the buffer management modeof operation message.

System Embodiment 4AA. The communications system of System Embodiment 4,wherein said first information is included in one or more messages whichare different than said buffer management mode of operation message.

System Embodiment 4B. The communications system of System Embodiment 4,wherein said first information includes one or more of the following:(i) a maximum number of user equipment devices that the first wirelessbase station is capable of supporting; (ii) number of active downlinkdata buffers at the first wireless base station, (iii) number of userequipment devices actively being serviced by the first wireless basestation, (iv) size of each active downlink data buffer and thecorresponding user equipment device for which it is being used to storereceived downlink data, and (v) Internet Protocol (IP) address of eachuser equipment device actively being serviced by the first wireless basestation.

System Embodiment 4BB. The communications system of System Embodiment4B, wherein said user equipment device IP address is used as a downlinkdata buffer identifier by the first wireless base station; and whereinthe size of each active downlink data buffers is specified in bytes.

System Embodiment 4BBB. The communications system of System Embodiment4BB, wherein said user equipment IP address is used as a downlink databuffer identifier by the CMTS.

System Embodiment 4C. The communications system of System Embodiment 4B,wherein said first information is included in the buffer management modeof operation message.

System Embodiment 4CC. The communications system of System Embodiment4BBB, wherein said first information is included in one or more messageswhich are different than said buffer management mode of operationmessage.

System Embodiment 4CCC. The communications system of System Embodiment4B, wherein said first information is included in a plurality ofmessages which are different from the buffer management mode ofoperation message, each of said plurality of messages including aportion of the first information corresponding to a single userequipment device.

System Embodiment 5. The communications system of System Embodiment 4,wherein the identifier for each user equipment device is an InternetProtocol (IP) address being used by the user equipment device, each ofsaid IP addresses being different; and wherein the first user equipmentdevice identifier is a first IP address being used by the first userequipment device.

System Embodiment 5A. The communications system of System Embodiment 5,wherein said operation of determining from the first downlink datapacket to which user equipment device being serviced by the firstwireless base station the first downlink data packet has been sentincludes: identifying the user equipment device to which the firstdownlink data packet has been sent based on a destination IP addressincluded in the first downlink data packet and said first informationreceived from said first wireless base station.

System Embodiment 6. The communications system of System Embodiment 5,wherein each user equipment device to which the wireless base station isactively providing services has a separate active wireless base stationdownlink data buffer located at the wireless base station; wherein saidfirst information further includes a buffer size of each of the activewireless base station downlink data buffers and an indication as towhich wireless base station downlink data buffer each buffer sizecorresponds and an indication as to which user equipment device eachactive wireless base station downlink data buffer corresponds.

System Embodiment 7. The communications system of System Embodiment 2,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform theadditional operation of: maintaining the first downlink data packet inbuffer storage at the CMTS until the CMTS makes a determination that afirst wireless base station active downlink data buffer corresponding tothe determined user equipment device to which the first data packet hasbeen sent has available capacity to store the first downlink datapacket.

System Embodiment 8. The communications system of System Embodiment 7,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform theadditional operation of: receiving a buffer status report at the CMTSfrom the first wireless base station, said buffer status reportincluding information from which the available capacity of the firstwireless base station downlink data buffer, being used to store downlinkdata for the user equipment device corresponding to the determined userequipment device to which the first data packet has been sent, can bedetermined; and wherein said CMTS makes said determination that thefirst wireless base station active downlink data buffer corresponding tothe determined user equipment device to which the first data packet hasbeen sent has available capacity to store the first data packet based onsaid received buffer status report.

System Embodiment 9. The communications system of System Embodiment 8,wherein the buffer status report includes: (i) a user equipment deviceIP address of the user equipment device to which the buffer statusreport corresponds and (ii) an amount of buffer capacity correspondingto the user equipment device IP address currently being used for datastorage at the first wireless base station.

System Embodiment 9A. The communications system of System Embodiment 8,wherein the buffer status report includes: (i) the user equipment deviceIP address of the user equipment device to which the buffer statusreport corresponds and (ii) the amount of available downlink buffercapacity corresponding to the user equipment device having the IPaddress to which the buffer status report corresponds.

System Embodiment 10. The communications system of System Embodiment 9,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to performing thefollowing additional operation: determining the amount of availabledownlink data buffer capacity at the first wireless base station fordownlink data for the user equipment device having the IP address towhich the buffer status report corresponds includes: subtracting theamount of buffer capacity currently in use by the first wireless basestation for the user equipment device having the IP address to which thebuffer status report corresponds from the maximum size of the firstwireless base station downlink buffer corresponding to the userequipment device having the IP address to which the buffer status reportcorresponds (e.g., UE 1 has a first IP address, first wireless basestation creates a first downlink data buffer corresponds to first IPaddress to store data received for the UE 1, the first downlink databuffer has a maximum size of 100 bytes, the buffer status reportindicates 20 bytes are in use, the CMTS determines that 80 bytes of datacan be transmitted to the first wireless base station for UE 1 from theCMTS downlink data buffer for UE 1 corresponding to the first IPaddress).

System Embodiment 11. The communications system of System Embodiment 1,wherein the first processor further controls the CMTS to perform thefollowing additional operations: while the CMTS is operating in saidsecond mode of operation, (i) storing, by the CMTS, downlink datareceived for each user equipment device actively being serviced by thefirst wireless base station in a separate CMTS downlink data buffer,each of said separate CMTS downlink data buffers being one of theplurality of CMTS created downlink data buffers; (ii) receiving by theCMTS buffer status messages from the first wireless base station, eachof said buffer status messages including information indicating anamount of buffer storage capacity available for storing downlink datacorresponding to a specific user equipment device actively beingserviced by the first wireless base station; and (iii) scheduling thetransmission of stored downlink data to the first wireless base stationfor the user equipment devices being serviced by the first wireless basestation based on the available buffer capacity at the first wirelessbase station for storing downlink data corresponding to the particularuser equipment device.

System Embodiment 12. The communications system of System Embodiment 11,wherein said operation of scheduling the transmission of stored downlinkdata to the first wireless base station for the user equipment devicesbeing serviced by the first wireless base station based on the availablebuffer capacity at the first wireless base station for storing downlinkdata corresponding to the particular user equipment device includes onlyscheduling the transmission of downlink data to the first wireless basestation for a particular user equipment device in response to receivinga buffer status message including information that the first wirelessbase station has an amount of buffer capacity available for storingdownlink data for the particular user equipment device at the firstwireless base station and then only scheduling the transmission of theamount of downlink data equal to or less than the amount of availablebuffer capacity indicated as being available.

System Embodiment 13. The communications system of System Embodiment 1,wherein the first wireless base station includes a memory and a secondprocessor, said processor controls the first wireless base station toperform the following operations: establishing a plurality of wirelessconnections between the first wireless base station and the plurality ofuser equipment devices to which the first wireless base station isproviding wireless services; and creating in memory included in thefirst wireless base station a wireless base station downlink data bufferfor each of the plurality of user equipment devices.

System Embodiment 14. The communications system of System Embodiment 13,wherein the second processor further controls the first wireless basestation to perform the following operations: prior to creating awireless base station downlink data buffer for a user equipment device,determining the size of the downlink data buffer to be created for theuser equipment device based on one or more of the following: informationreceived from the user equipment device (e.g., device type, hardwareversion, software version, model type, anticipated traffic type (e.g.,downlink dominated traffic type or uplink dominated traffic type),latency requirements, amount of storage space available for bufferingdownlink data at the first wireless base station, number of userequipment devices being serviced by the first wireless base station,maximum number of user equipment devices which the first wireless basestation is capable of servicing, historical amount of downlink datatraffic received for the user equipment device; and associating witheach created wireless base station downlink data buffer a unique bufferidentifier, said wireless base station downlink buffer identifieridentifying the user equipment device for which the wireless basestation downlink data buffer is to be used.

System Embodiment 15. The communications system of System Embodiment 14,wherein said unique wireless base station buffer identifier is a userequipment device IP address; and wherein said user equipment device IPaddress is the user equipment device IP address of the user equipmentdevice for which wireless base station downlink data buffer is to beused.

System Embodiment 16. The communications system of System Embodiment 15,wherein the second processor further controls the first wireless basestation to perform the following operation: setting, by the wirelessbase station, a threshold capacity value, for each created wireless basestation downlink data buffer, said threshold capacity value being basedon one or more of the following: (i) user equipment device type of theuser equipment for which the wireless base station downlink data bufferis to be used, (ii) traffic latency requirements of the user equipmentdevice for which the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to beused (e.g., low latency requirement or a maximum amount of transmissionlatency), (iii) data rate or speed with which an amount of data can betransmitted from the CMTS to the first wireless base station, (iv)channel state information of the wireless downlink communicationschannel between the first wireless base station and the user equipmentdevice for which the wireless base station downlink buffer is to beused, (v) channel conditions between the first wireless base station andthe user equipment device for which the wireless base station downlinkbuffer is to be used, (vi) modulation coding scheme used by the firstwireless base station to transmit downlink data to the user equipmentdevice for which the wireless base station downlink data buffer is to beused, and (vii) distance of the user equipment device, for which thewireless base station downlink data buffer is to be used, from the firstwireless base station.

System Embodiment 17. The communications system of System Embodiment 16,wherein the second processor further controls the first wireless basestation to perform the following additional operations: when an amountof downlink data in a wireless base station downlink data buffer fallsbelow its threshold capacity value, generating, by the wireless basestation, a buffer status report for the wireless base station downlinkdata buffer; and transmitting, by the wireless base station, saidgenerated buffer status report to the CMTS.

System Embodiment 18. The communications system of System Embodiment 17,wherein said buffer status report includes: (i) an indication of theuser equipment device for which downlink buffer data is to be sent, and(ii) a maximum amount of downlink data that is to be sent in response tothe buffer status report.

System Embodiment 19. The communications system of System Embodiment 18,wherein the second processor further controls the first wireless basestation to perform the following additional operation: dynamicallyadjusting the threshold capacity value for one or more wireless basestation downlink data buffers based on changes in channel stateinformation.

System Embodiment 20. The communications system of System Embodiment 19,wherein the operation of setting, by the wireless base station, athreshold capacity value, for each created wireless base stationdownlink data buffer includes determining an optimum threshold capacityfor each created wireless base station downlink data buffer based onlatency requirements for the data traffic being stored in the particularwireless base station downlink data buffer and which also preventsbuffer overflow for the created wireless base station downlink databuffer.

List of Exemplary Numbered Non-transitory Computer Readable MediumEmbodiments:

Non-transitory Computer Readable Medium Embodiment 1. A non-transitorycomputer readable medium including a first set of computer executableinstructions which when executed by a processor of a cable modemtermination system (CMTS) cause the CMTS to perform the steps of:receiving a buffer management mode of operation message from a firstwireless base station via a cable modem located on a communications pathbetween the CMTS and the first wireless base station; switching, by theCMTS, from operating in a first mode of operation to operating in asecond mode of operation with respect to buffering and communicatingdownlink data to the first wireless base station in response toreceiving said buffer management mode of operation message; and whileoperating in said second mode of operation: (i) creating by the CMTS aplurality of CMTS downlink data buffers, each of said plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers corresponding to a different user equipment deviceto which the first wireless base station is actively providing services;(ii) receiving at the CMTS a first downlink data packet for one of theuser equipment devices to which the first wireless base station isactively providing services; and (iii) storing said received firstdownlink data packet in one of said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers.

Non-transitory Computer Readable Medium Embodiment 2. The Non-transitoryComputer Readable Medium of Non-transitory Computer Readable MediumEmbodiment 1, wherein the first set of computer executable instructionswhich when executed by the processor of the CMTS further cause the CMTSto perform the additional steps of: prior to storing said received firstdownlink data packet in one of said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers: (i) determining from the first downlink data packet a userequipment device to which the first downlink data packet has been sent,said user equipment device being one of the user equipment devices towhich the first wireless base station is actively providing services;(ii) determining which CMTS downlink data buffer of the plurality ofCMTS downlink data buffers corresponds to the determined user equipmentdevice to which the first downlink data packet has been sent; and (iii)wherein said storing, said received first downlink data packet in one ofsaid plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers includes: storing saidfirst downlink data packet in the determined CMTS downlink data bufferwhich corresponds to the determined user equipment device to which thefirst downlink data packet has been sent.

The techniques of various embodiments may be implemented using software,hardware and/or a combination of software and hardware. Variousembodiments are directed to apparatus, e.g., cable modems, cable modemtermination systems, cable modem termination system power managementdevices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals,sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS towerbase stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, userdevices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, ResourceAllocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/orelements. Various embodiments are also directed to methods, e.g., methodof controlling and/or operating cable modems, cable modem terminationsystems, cable modem termination system power management devices,wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors,vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower basestations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices,computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource AllocationManagement Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements.Various embodiments are also directed to machine, e.g., computer,readable medium, e.g., ROM, RAM, CDs, hard discs, etc., which includemachine readable instructions for controlling a machine to implement oneor more steps of a method. The computer readable medium is, e.g.,non-transitory computer readable medium.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in theprocesses and methods disclosed is an example of exemplary approaches.Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific orderor hierarchy of steps in the processes and methods may be rearrangedwhile remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in asample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented. In some embodiments, one or more processors areused to carry out one or more steps of the each of the describedmethods.

In various embodiments each of the steps or elements of a method areimplemented using one or more processors. In some embodiments, each ofelements or steps are implemented using hardware circuitry.

In various embodiments devices, e.g., cable modems, cable modemtermination systems, cable modem termination system power managementdevices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals,sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS towerbase stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, userdevices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, ResourceAllocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/orelements described herein are implemented using one or more componentsto perform the steps corresponding to one or more methods, for example,generating or creating buffers, implementing timers, connections,message reception, message transmission, powering on and off receivers,transmitters, and or transceivers, buffering data, flushing data frombuffers, determining buffer sizes and amount of time for a buffer tofill to its capacity, signal processing, sending, comparing, determiningand/or transmission steps. Thus, in some embodiments various featuresare implemented using components or in some embodiments logic such asfor example logic circuits. Such components may be implemented usingsoftware, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Many ofthe above described methods or method steps can be implemented usingmachine executable instructions, such as software, included in a machinereadable medium such as a memory device, e.g., RAM, floppy disk, etc. tocontrol a machine, e.g., general purpose computer with or withoutadditional hardware, to implement all or portions of the above describedmethods, e.g., in one or more devices, servers, nodes and/or elements.Accordingly, among other things, various embodiments are directed to amachine-readable medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer readablemedium, including machine executable instructions for causing a machine,e.g., processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of thesteps of the above-described method(s). Some embodiments are directed toa device, e.g., a controller, including a processor configured toimplement one, multiple or all of the steps of one or more methods ofthe invention.

In some embodiments, the processor or processors, e.g., CPUs, of one ormore devices, e.g., cable modems, cable modem termination systems, cablemodem termination system power management devices, wireless basestations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors, vehicles, userequipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower base stations, smartdevices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices, computers,smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource Allocation ManagementDevices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements areconfigured to perform the steps of the methods described as beingperformed by the cable modems, cable modem termination systems, cablemodem termination system power management devices, wireless basestations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors, vehicles, userequipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower base stations, smartdevices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices, computers,smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource Allocation ManagementDevices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements. Theconfiguration of the processor may be achieved by using one or morecomponents, e.g., software components, to control processorconfiguration and/or by including hardware in the processor, e.g.,hardware components, to perform the recited steps and/or controlprocessor configuration. Accordingly, some but not all embodiments aredirected to a device, e.g., cable modems, cable modem terminationsystems, cable modem termination system power management devices,wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors,vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower basestations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices,computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource AllocationManagement Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements,with a processor which includes a component corresponding to each of thesteps of the various described methods performed by the device in whichthe processor is included. In some but not all embodiments a device,e.g., cable modems, cable modem termination systems, cable modemtermination system power management devices, wireless base stations,wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors, vehicles, user equipment,terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower base stations, smart devices,vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices, computers, smartphones,Spectrum Access Systems, Resource Allocation Management Devices,subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements, includes acontroller corresponding to each of the steps of the various describedmethods performed by the device in which the processor is included. Thecomponents may be implemented using software and/or hardware.

Some embodiments are directed to a computer program product comprising acomputer-readable medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readablemedium, comprising code for causing a computer, or multiple computers,to implement various functions, steps, acts and/or operations, e.g., oneor more steps described above. Depending on the embodiment, the computerprogram product can, and sometimes does, include different code for eachstep to be performed. Thus, the computer program product may, andsometimes does, include code for each individual step of a method, e.g.,a method of controlling a device, e.g., cable modems, cable modemtermination systems, cable modem termination system power managementdevices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals,sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS towerbase stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, userdevices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, ResourceAllocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/orelements, Session Management Function nodes/devices, subscriber devices,servers, nodes and/or elements. The code may be in the form of machine,e.g., computer, executable instructions stored on a computer-readablemedium, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a RAM(Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory) or other type of storagedevice. In addition to being directed to a computer program product,some embodiments are directed to a processor configured to implement oneor more of the various functions, steps, acts and/or operations of oneor more methods described above. Accordingly, some embodiments aredirected to a processor, e.g., CPU, configured to implement some or allof the steps of the methods described herein. The processor may be foruse in, e.g., a communications device such as a cable modems, cablemodem termination systems, cable modem termination system powermanagement devices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobileterminals, sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs,CBRS tower base stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipmentdevices, user devices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems,Resource Allocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers,nodes and/or elements or other device described in the presentapplication.

Numerous additional variations on the methods and apparatus of thevarious embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled inthe art in view of the above description. Such variations are to beconsidered within the scope. Numerous additional embodiments, within thescope of the present invention, will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the above description and the claims whichfollow. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A communications method comprising: receivingfirst information, at a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS), from afirst wireless base station via a cable modem located on acommunications path between the first wireless base station and theCMTS, said first information including a first identifier for a firstuser equipment device to which the first wireless base station isactively providing services and a wireless base station downlink databuffer size for the first user equipment device; creating, at the CMTS,a first CMTS downlink data buffer for the first user equipment device;receiving, at the CMTS, a first downlink data packet for the first userequipment device; and storing said received first downlink data packetin said first CMTS downlink data buffer.
 2. The communications method ofclaim 1, further comprising: prior to storing said received firstdownlink data packet in said first CMTS downlink data buffer: (i)determining from the first downlink data packet, by the CMTS, a userequipment device to which the first downlink data packet has been sent;and (ii) determining, by the CMTS, which CMTS downlink data buffer froma plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers at the CMTS corresponds to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent.
 3. The communications method of claim 2, wherein saiddetermining from the first downlink data packet, by the CMTS, the userequipment device to which the first downlink data packet has been sentincludes: identifying the user equipment device to which the firstdownlink data packet has been sent based on a destination InternetProtocol address included in the first downlink data packet and saidfirst identifier included in the first information; and wherein saidfirst identifier for the first user equipment device is a first InternetProtocol address being used by the first user equipment device, saiddestination Internet Protocol address included in the first downlinkdata packet matching the first Internet Protocol address being used bythe first user equipment device.
 4. The communications method of claim3, further comprising: receiving second information, at the CMTS, fromthe first wireless base station via the cable modem located on thecommunications path between the first wireless base station and theCMTS, said second information including a second identifier for a seconduser equipment device to which the first wireless base station isactively providing services and a wireless base station downlink databuffer size for the second user equipment device; creating, at the CMTS,a second CMTS downlink data buffer for the second user equipment deviceusing said second information; receiving, at the CMTS, a second downlinkdata packet for the second user equipment device; and storing saidreceived second downlink data packet in said second CMTS downlink databuffer.
 5. The communications method of claim 4, further comprising:prior to storing said received second downlink data packet in saidsecond CMTS downlink data buffer: (i) determining from the seconddownlink data packet, by the CMTS, a user equipment device to which thesecond downlink data packet has been sent; and (ii) determining, by theCMTS, which CMTS downlink data buffer from the plurality of CMTSdownlink data buffers at the CMTS corresponds to the determined userequipment device to which the second downlink data packet has been sent,said plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers including the first CMTSdownlink data buffer and the second CMTS downlink data buffer.
 6. Thecommunications method of claim 5, wherein said determining from thesecond downlink data packet, by the CMTS, the user equipment device towhich the second downlink data packet has been sent includes:identifying the user equipment device to which the second downlink datapacket has been sent based on a destination Internet Protocol addressincluded in the second downlink data packet and said second identifierincluded in the second information; and wherein said second identifierfor the second user equipment device is a second Internet Protocoladdress being used by the second user equipment device, said destinationInternet Protocol address included in the second downlink data packetmatching the second Internet Protocol address being used by the seconduser equipment device, said second Internet Protocol address beingdifferent than said first Internet Protocol address.
 7. Thecommunications method of claim 1, further comprising: maintaining thefirst downlink data packet in said first CMTS downlink data buffer untilthe CMTS makes a determination that a wireless base station downlinkdata buffer at the first wireless base station corresponding to thefirst user equipment device to which the first data packet has been senthas available capacity to store the first downlink data packet.
 8. Thecommunications method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving a bufferstatus report at the CMTS from the first wireless base station, saidbuffer status report including information from which the availablecapacity of the wireless base station downlink data buffer, being usedto store downlink data for the first user equipment device at the firstwireless base station, can be determined; and wherein said CMTS makessaid determination that the wireless base station downlink data bufferat the first wireless base station corresponding to the first userequipment device to which the first data packet has been sent hasavailable capacity to store the first data packet based on said receivedbuffer status report.
 9. The communications method of claim 8, whereinthe buffer status report includes: (i) an identifier for the userequipment device to which the buffer status report corresponds, saididentifier being the identifier for the first user equipment deviceincluded in the first information, and (ii) an amount of buffer capacitycorresponding to the wireless base station downlink data buffer beingused for data storage at the first wireless base station for the firstuser equipment device.
 10. The communications method of claim 9, furthercomprising: determining by the CMTS the amount of available downlinkdata buffer capacity at the first wireless base station for downlinkdata for the first user equipment device having the identifier to whichthe buffer status report corresponds by subtracting the amount of buffercapacity corresponding to the wireless base station downlink data bufferbeing used for data storage at the first wireless base station for thefirst user equipment device from the wireless base station downlink databuffer size corresponding to the first user equipment device.
 11. Thecommunications method of claim 7, further comprising: receiving a bufferstatus report at the CMTS from the first wireless base station, saidbuffer status report including the first identifier and informationindicating the available capacity of the wireless base station downlinkdata buffer, being used to store downlink data for the first userequipment device at the first wireless base station; and in response toreceiving the buffer status report at the CMTS from the first wirelessbase station, scheduling the transmission of the stored downlink data tothe first wireless base station based on the indicated available buffercapacity at the first wireless base station for storing downlink datacorresponding to the first user equipment device.
 12. A cable modemtermination system (CMTS) comprising: one or more receivers; one or moretransmitters; memory, and one or more processors or processing circuitrythat controls the CMTS to perform the following operations: receivingfirst information, at the CMTS, from a first wireless base station via acable modem located on a communications path between the first wirelessbase station and the CMTS, said first information including a firstidentifier for a first user equipment device to which the first wirelessbase station is actively providing services and a wireless base stationdownlink data buffer size for the first user equipment device; creating,at the CMTS, a first CMTS downlink data buffer for the first userequipment device; receiving, at the CMTS, a first downlink data packetfor the first user equipment device; and storing said received firstdownlink data packet in said first CMTS downlink data buffer.
 13. Thecable modem termination system of claim 12, wherein the one or moreprocessors or processing circuitry further controls the CMTS to performthe following additional operations: prior to storing said receivedfirst downlink data packet in said first CMTS downlink data buffer: (i)determining from the first downlink data packet, by the CMTS, a userequipment device to which the first downlink data packet has been sent;and (ii) determining, by the CMTS, which CMTS downlink data buffer froma plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers at the CMTS corresponds to thedetermined user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent.
 14. The cable modem termination system of claim 13,wherein said determining from the first downlink data packet, by theCMTS, the user equipment device to which the first downlink data packethas been sent includes: identifying the user equipment device to whichthe first downlink data packet has been sent based on a destinationInternet Protocol address included in the first downlink data packet andsaid first identifier included in the first information; and whereinsaid first identifier for the first user equipment device is a firstInternet Protocol address being used by the first user equipment device,said destination Internet Protocol address included in the firstdownlink data packet matching the first Internet Protocol address beingused by the first user equipment device.
 15. The cable modem terminationsystem of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors or processingcircuitry further controls the CMTS to perform the following additionaloperations: receiving second information, at the CMTS, from the firstwireless base station via the cable modem located on the communicationspath between the first wireless base station and the CMTS, said secondinformation including a second identifier for a second user equipmentdevice to which the first wireless base station is actively providingservices and a wireless base station downlink data buffer size for thesecond user equipment device; creating, at the CMTS, a second CMTSdownlink data buffer for the second user equipment device using saidsecond information; receiving, at the CMTS, a second downlink datapacket for the second user equipment device; and storing said receivedsecond downlink data packet in said second CMTS downlink data buffer.16. The cable modem termination system of claim 15, wherein the one ormore processors or processing circuitry further controls the CMTS toperform the following additional operations: prior to storing saidreceived second downlink data packet in said second CMTS downlink databuffer: (i) determining from the second downlink data packet, by theCMTS, a user equipment device to which the second downlink data packethas been sent; and (ii) determining, by the CMTS, which CMTS downlinkdata buffer from the plurality of CMTS downlink data buffers at the CMTScorresponds to the determined user equipment device to which the seconddownlink data packet has been sent, said plurality of CMTS downlink databuffers including the first CMTS downlink data buffer and the secondCMTS downlink data buffer.
 17. The cable modem termination system ofclaim 16, wherein said determining from the second downlink data packet,by the CMTS, the user equipment device to which the second downlink datapacket has been sent includes: identifying the user equipment device towhich the second downlink data packet has been sent based on adestination Internet Protocol address included in the second downlinkdata packet and said second identifier included in the secondinformation; and wherein said second identifier for the second userequipment device is a second Internet Protocol address being used by thesecond user equipment device, said destination Internet Protocol addressincluded in the second downlink data packet matching said secondInternet Protocol address being used by the second user equipmentdevice, said second Internet Protocol address being different than saidfirst Internet Protocol address.
 18. The cable modem termination systemof claim 12, wherein the one or more processors or processing circuitryfurther controls the CMTS to perform the following additional operation:maintaining the first downlink data packet in said first CMTS downlinkdata buffer until the CMTS makes a determination that a wireless basestation downlink data buffer at the first wireless base stationcorresponding to the first user equipment device to which the first datapacket has been sent has available capacity to store the first downlinkdata packet.
 19. The cable modem termination system of claim 18, whereinthe one or more processors or processing circuitry further controls theCMTS to perform the following additional operations: receiving a bufferstatus report at the CMTS from the first wireless base station, saidbuffer status report including information from which the availablecapacity of the wireless base station downlink data buffer, being usedto store downlink data for the first user equipment device at the firstwireless base station, can be determined; and wherein said CMTS makessaid determination that the wireless base station downlink data bufferat the first wireless base station corresponding to the first userequipment device to which the first data packet has been sent hasavailable capacity to store the first data packet based on said receivedbuffer status report.
 20. A non-transitory computer readable mediumincluding a first set of computer executable instructions which whenexecuted by a processor of a cable modem termination system (CMTS) causethe CMTS to perform the steps of: receiving first information, at theCMTS, from a first wireless base station via a cable modem located on acommunications path between the first wireless base station and theCMTS, said first information including a first identifier for a firstuser equipment device to which the first wireless base station isactively providing services and a wireless base station downlink databuffer size for the first user equipment device; creating, at the CMTS,a first CMTS downlink data buffer for the first user equipment device;receiving, at the CMTS, a first downlink data packet for the first userequipment device; and storing said received first downlink data packetin said first CMTS downlink data buffer.